1. War & Reconciliation

2. Time Frame This literary movement was from around 1852-1877. It spans from around the publishing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin to the end of Reconstruction. The tension between the North and South had begun to greatly rise and would eventually break out into the bloodiest war our nation would ever know.

3. Important Events The Abolitionist movement had a major effect on writing of this time period generating many books based around the issue of slavery. The breakout of the Civil War in 1861 brought forth many important political documents and speeches such as the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address. The end of the Civil War showed the beginning of many diaries and personal accounts of the Civil War from both the Northern and Southern sides.

4. Beliefs Many of the pieces written during this time period were based around the issue of slavery. Most of the more celebrated writing comes from the abolitionist side of the argument. Most northerners opposed slavery, and most southerners hated the writing that condemned slavery. A strong dedication to either the Union or the Confederate way of life.

5. Characteristics of Writing Historical Allusions – To show the teachings of the past upon the present. Appeal to logic (logos) – Mostly seen from Lincoln. Appeal to ethics (ethos) – Primarily seen in writing about slavery such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Repetition – Primarily anaphora Non-fiction is common – Many popular biographies and narratives were nonfiction, but even the fiction written was based upon true events. A return to oratory, epistles, and narrative poetry

6. Notable Authors Harriet Beecher Stowe – By far one of the most influential authors of the time period, her book Uncle Tom’s Cabin showed people the true side of slavery and brought more power to the abolitionist movement. Abraham Lincoln – President Lincoln in his short career as President brought such famed political documents as The Emancipation Proclamation as well as beautiful speeches like the Gettysburg Address. Frederick Douglass – One of the best known speakers and writers of the time, Douglass’s accounts in his narrative helped to spur on the abolition wagon. Sojourner Truth – A freed slave; vocal speaker on behalf of abolition and women’s rights.

7. Harriet Beecher Stowe Born in 1811 to a protestant preacher. She helped to support her family by writing for local and religious periodicals. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published in 1852. The book brought the hard truths about slavery to the publics eyes. When critics questioned the authenticity of Uncle Tom’s Cabin she published A Key To Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1853, which documented the harsh truths that the book was based upon. When President Lincoln himself met Stowe in 1862 he referred to her as “the little lady who made this big war”

8. Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809 in Kentucky to undistinguished parents. He went to extraordinary lengths to gain knowledge while working on a farm or splitting rails. He spend 8 years in the Illinois Legislature and in 1858 ran against Stephen A. Douglas for senator. He lost the election but his debating with Douglas had gained him national recognition. In 1860 he won the Republican nomination for president and won the presidency causing the south to secede from the north. Upon firing at Fort Sumter in 1861 by the south, war was declared between the states. In September 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves held in the Confederate States of America. In 1863 Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address at the battle site to dedicate it and make sure that those who died there did not die in vain. Reelected in 1864, Lincoln soon saw the end of the Civil War in 1865, though he did not have time to enjoy it as he was promptly assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

9. Frederick Douglass Douglass was born in February 1818 in a slave cabin near Easton, Maryland. At the age of eight he became a houseboy for relatives of his master, in which the mistress began to teach him the alphabet. Upon her husband forbidding her to teach Frederick how to read, he took it upon himself to learn how to read and write and gave other children food to teach him a lesson. Upon escaping from slavery at the age of 20 he moved to Massachusetts where he attended abolitionist meetings and soon became public speaker for the abolitionist movement. His best known work, his autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, was published in 1845. Many rejected it questioning if a African American could have produced such beautiful literature. Within three years the book had been reprinted nine times and there were over 11,000 copies circulating around the United States. Douglass spent the rest of his life fighting for abolitionism and the equal rights.

10. Results African Americans had finally begun to be taken seriously as writers. Literature as a method of protest had again been established. The writings of the time period helped to our country to consider and articulate what American identity meant..

11. Sources The American Pageant Tenth Edition (AP U.S. History Book) http://www.frederickdouglass.org/ http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lin coln/speeches/gettysburg.htmhttp://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lin coln/speeches/gettysburg.htm http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presiden ts/abrahamlincolnhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presiden ts/abrahamlincoln http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/stow e/StoweHB.htmlhttp://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/stow e/StoweHB.html

12. More Sources (Pictures) http://www.rochesterliving.com/cards/frede rick-douglass.jpghttp://www.rochesterliving.com/cards/frede rick-douglass.jpg http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/ card.jpghttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/ card.jpg http://riverdaughter.files.wordpress.com/20 09/06/civil-war-soldiers2.jpghttp://riverdaughter.files.wordpress.com/20 09/06/civil-war-soldiers2.jpg

13. The End Yay!!