1. © 2009 abcteach.com 15.3 Challenges to slavery  Points in time  1854 - Republican Party is formed  1856 - James Buchanan is elected president  1857 - Dred Scott decision states that all slaves are properties  1859 – John Brown raids Harpers Ferry, Virginia

2. © 2009 abcteach.com 15.3 Challenges to slavery  The Republican Party  1854 - Republican Party is formed  Antislavery Whigs  Antislavery Democrats  Free-Soilers  to rally as one man to establish liberty and to overthrow the Slave Power

3. © 2009 abcteach.com 15.3 Challenges to slavery  The Republican Party  won control of the House of the Representatives  almost no support in the south

4. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  The election of 1856  Republicans - John C. Fremont; an explorer in the west, a champion of free CA; sectional party and abolitionists  Democrats - James Buchanan; PA, minister to Great Britain, untainted by the Kansas troubles; popular sovereignty

5. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  The election of 1856  American Party (Know-Nothing) - Millard Fillmore  Southern votes won Buchanan the presidency  After the election the Know- Nothings who opposed slavery joined the Republicans

6. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  Dred Scott Case  Dred Scott; an enslaved African American  sued for his freedom after his master died  claimed that he should be free by virtue of his residence on free soil

7. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  Court’s decision  Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that Scott was a property and has no right to sue.  5 th amendment was cited  Missouri compromise was ruled unconstitutional

8. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  reaction to the decision  many southerners were elated  Republicans were outraged  “wicked and false judgment”  “greatest crime”  vowed to reverse the decision if they won the presidency in 1860  Frederick Douglas was hopeful

9. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  Lincoln against Douglas  senate race, Illinois  incumbent, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas; successful lawyer,  won a seat in the house 1842, senate in 1846,  “Little Giant”,  antislavery, but believes in popular sovereignty as a way to solve the issue

10. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  Lincoln against Douglas  challenger, Republican Abraham Lincoln, successful lawyer,  lacks formal education, excellent political instincts,  saw slavery as morally wrong and should not be allowed to spread  admits that there is no easy way to eliminate slavery where it already existed

11. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  the lincoln – douglas debates  1858; August – October, seven times  Slavery  Douglas accused Lincoln of pointing to the breakup of the union  Freeport Doctrine; people could exclude slavery by refusing to pass laws protecting slaveholders rights

12. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  the lincoln – douglas debates  Douglas was reelected to Senate in 1858, but lost support of the south in the 1860 presidential election  Lincoln lost the senate race, but gained national spotlight and support as a presidential candidate.

13. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  John Brown’s Raid  John Brown, killed 5 proslavery Kansans in 1856  October 1859, Harper’s Ferry, VA  Colonel Robert E. Lee; 10 men including two of Brown’s sons killed; 1 marine 4 civilians, 2 slaves  guilty of murder and treason  Hanged Dec. 2, 1859

14. © 2009 abcteach.com Challenges to slavery  sectional response  Denounced for promoting violence  A hero to some  Ralph Waldo Emerson called him a martyr