1. Growth of a Nation

3. 1789 – Became the 1 st President. Judiciary Act – 1789- Federal laws would remain the “supreme law of the land.” George Washington

4. Cabinet State – Foreign affairs - Thomas Jefferson War – Military matters – Henry Knox Treasury – Manage finances– Alexander Hamilton

5. Presidents 1. George Washington: 1789- 1797 (No party) 2. John Adams: 1797-1801 (Federalist) * 3. Thomas Jefferson: 1801- 1809 (Democratic-Republican)

6. 4. James Madison: 1809-1817 (Dem-Rep) 5. James Monroe: 1817-1825 (Dem-Rep) 6. John Quincy Adams: 1825- 1829 (Dem-Rep)

7. Election of 1800 Parties:  Federalist Party turns into the Whig party then eventually the Republican Party  Democratic – Republicans eventually turn into the Democratic Party. Winner of the election?? Twelfth Amendment

8. Election of 1800 Parties:  Federalist Party turns into the Whig party then eventually the Republican Party  Democratic – Republicans eventually turn into the Democratic Party. Winner of the election?? THOMAS JEFFERSON Twelfth Amendment:

9. Election of 1800 Parties:  Federalist Party turns into the Whig party then eventually the Republican Party  Democratic – Republicans eventually turn into the Democratic Party. Winner of the election?? Twelfth Amendment: Election of Executives

10. Marbury v. Madison  What is a Commission? The letter telling you about the new position.  Year?  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?  What was unconstitutional?  Established??

11. Marbury v. Madison  What is a Commission? The letter telling you about the new position.  Year? 1803  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?  What was unconstitutional?  Established??

12. Marbury v. Madison  What is a Commission? The letter telling you about the new position.  Year?  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? John Marshall  What was unconstitutional?  Established??

13. Marbury v. Madison  What is a Commission? The letter telling you about the new position.  Year?  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?  What was unconstitutional? What the Supreme Court says.  Established??

14. Marbury v. Madison  What is a Commission? The letter telling you about the new position.  Year?  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?  What was unconstitutional?  Established?? Judicial Review

15.  Marshall established that the Supreme Court had the power of Judicial Review. Key principle of checks and balances.

17. Louisiana Purchase Date? President? Who helped Lewis and Clark?

18. Louisiana Purchase Date? 1803 President? Who helped Lewis and Clark?

19. Louisiana Purchase Date? President? JEFFERSON Who helped Lewis and Clark?

20. Louisiana Purchase Date? President? Who helped Lewis and Clark? SACAJAWEA

21. The Sacagawea dollar, first minted in 2000, honors the Shoshone woman who assisted the Lewis and Clark expedition.

22. War of 1812 War between? Causes: Impressment and… Fort McHenry: Sept. 1814  Francis Scott Key Star Spangled Banner

23. USS Constitution – Old Ironside

24. Consequences  Led to the end of the Federalists Party  Encouraged the growth of American Industries to manufacture products no longer available from Britain because of the war.  Confirmed the status of the U.S. as a free and independent nation.

25. Monroe Doctrine WHEN? WHO? WHAT? WHY?  One reason: Spain, Portugal trying to regain American colonies.

26. Monroe Doctrine WHEN? 1823 WHO? WHAT? WHY?  One reason: Spain, Portugal trying to regain American colonies.

27. Monroe Doctrine WHEN? WHO? JAMES MONROE WHAT? WHY?  One reason: Spain, Portugal trying to regain American colonies.

28. Monroe Doctrine WHEN? WHO? WHAT? WE OWN ALL TO WEST WHY?  One reason: Spain, Portugal trying to regain American colonies.

29. Manifest Destiny “Sea to shining sea” We felt entitled to the land – God’s will. The U.S. population was growing rapidly. - “ GO WEST, young man!”

30. INVENTIONS of the time. Eli Whitney - WHEN?  Cotton Gin  Increased cotton production / Robert Fulton  Steamboats - WHEN? Canals: cut transportation costs, opened new trade routes, growth of cities – ex: ERIE canal

32. Samuel Morse - WHEN?  Morse Code  Increased Communication around the States. Railroads!!

33. The Constitution is tested.

34. The American System When? Who? Major Points? Madison and Clay - support? Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay and Calhoun.

35. The American System When? 1815 Who? Major Points? Madison and Clay - support? Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay and Calhoun.

36. The American System When? Who? HENRY CLAY Major Points? Madison and Clay - support? Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay and Calhoun.

37. The American System When? Who? Major Points?  PROTECTIVE TARIFFS  NATIONAL BANKS  NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE - TRANSPORTATION

38. The American System When? Who? Major Points? Madison and Clay - support? YES Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay and Calhoun.

39. Nullification Crisis Some felt that the states had the right to NULLIFY a federal law that they disagreed with.  Called STATES’ RIGHTS

40. These BOTH adopted the view that states could nullify a federal law.  Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798 - Jefferson and Madison  Hartford Convention (1814)

41. Congress Pass tariffs - 1824 / 1828:  Both increased the Tariff of 1816.  1828 - Called: Tariff of Abominations  Tariff: A tax on IMPORTS Protects the products made and sold here in the USA.

42. HURTS THE SOUTH:  British goods cost more so they would have LESS money to buy COTTON from the south to take back home.

43.  Calhoun speaks out against the tariff. A state should be able to nullify the tariff if they do not agree with it.

44. 1830: Senator Daniel Webster Spoke against Nullification Constitution is “BY THE PEOPLE”, not BY the states “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.” The Supreme Court determines whether a law is valid.

45. Closer to secession 1832:A new tariff is passed  Lowered the tax by 10% South Carolina – not low enough!  passed a law voiding the tariff  Banned collection of taxes

46. President Andrew Jackson  He proposed a Force Bill (1833) - He will use the military to enforce the federal laws. Henry Clay (Speaker of the House)  Proposed a gradual reduction of tariffs over the next 10 years.  South Carolina gave in (for now!!!)

47. Causes of the Civil War

48. Causes: Sectionalism Economic Factors /States’ Rights Slavery Issue Election of Lincoln

49. Sectionalism North, South and West – felt a greater loyalty for their own section – NOT the whole Union

50. Slave or Free land??? Between 1820 and 1850 they set up a series of compromises to pair new free and slave states.  Ex: Missouri Compromise North and South wanted to make sure they would not be outvoted in the Senate.  In 1821 there were 24 states: 12 free / 12 slave

51. Slavery Issue Abolitionists: wanted to end slavery  EX: Frederick Douglas Uncle Tom’s Cabin Underground Railroad Dred Scott Decision

52. Frederick Douglass

53. Harriet Beecher Stowe

54. Harriet Tubman

55. DRED SCOTT

56. DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD (1857) A Missouri slave that was moved to a free state, Illinois. Sued for freedom in federal court Lost and appealed to the Supreme Court.

57. DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD (1857) RESULTS SUPREME COURT RULED:  African-Americans not citizens  Dred Scott had no right to sue  He had no right to file a lawsuit  He must remain a slave

58. Three-Fifths Compromise (1787) For each slave - counted as three- fifths of a person.  Decides the distribution of taxes and deciding the members of the House of Representatives and the Electoral College

59. Pro-slave Southerner’s argued that slaves were better treated than Northern Factory workers.

60. Election of 1860 Candidates?  With outcome, several Southern states seceded  Formed? Lincoln refused to recognize their secession and resolved to PRESERVE THE UNION.

61. President Abraham Lincoln

62. Confederate States – 11 Total  South Carolina on Dec. 20, 1860.  Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana Jan.1861.  Feb 1861, Texas seceded, and later in that year Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee

65. Union 23 states / Pop. 23 million Economy: 100,000 factories 20,000 miles of railroad 189 million in bank deposits / $56M in gold

66. Confederacy 11 states / Pop. 9 million Economy: 20,000 factories / 9,000 miles of railroad, $47M in bank deposits /$27M in gold

67. Confederate Flags

68. Leadership – CONFEDERACY Jefferson Davis - President Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia - Vice president. (May 1861) capital was at Richmond, VA

69. Fort Sumter, South Carolina: ??

72. Events July 21, 1861: First Battle of Bull Run:  Union realizes war will take longer. Emancipation Proclamation:????  France/England decide not to recognize the Confederacy – they would not endorse slavery.

73. Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863: Nov. 1864: Reelection of President Lincoln

74. The end… Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:  When? Who? What? Abraham Lincoln assassinated!  When? Who? Next President?

75. The end… Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:  When? APRIL 9,1861 Who? What? Abraham Lincoln assassinated!  When? Who? Next President?

76. The end… Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:  When? Who? Lee and Grant Abraham Lincoln assassinated!  When? Who? Next President?

77. The end… Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:  When? Who? What? SURRENDER Abraham Lincoln assassinated!  When? Who? Next President?

78. The end… Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:  When? Who? What? Abraham Lincoln assassinated!  When? APRIL 14, 1861 Next President?

79. The end… Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:  When? Who? What? Abraham Lincoln assassinated!  Who? JOHN WILKES BOOTH Next President?

80. The end… Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:  When? Who? What? Abraham Lincoln assassinated!  When? Who? Next President? ANDREW JOHNSON

82. JOHN WILKES BOOTH

83. Balcony in Ford’s Theater where Lincoln was shot!

85. Facts Established that states do not have the right to secede from the Union Strengthened the federal government

86. 628,000 military deaths  (North: 360,000 / South 258,000) Paved the way for the 13 th, 14 th, 15 th Amendment

87. RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877

88. What is it? The period after the Civil War The South was in ruins – cities / plantations Issue: How do we readmit the Confederate States into the Union?

89. Civil War Amendments 13 th, 14 th and 15 th Each state had to follow them. All about African- Americans

90. 13 th – 1865  ABOLISH SLAVERY

91. 14 th - 1868  Gave citizenship to former slaves  Gave all citizens equal protection under the law.

92. 15 th - 1870  African American male suffrage  The right to vote shall not be denied to men.  Suffrage = …

93. The end of an era Reconstruction officially comes to an end when Northern troops withdrew from the South in 1877.