1. Trouble in Kansas
Section 2

2. Trouble in Kansas The Big Idea
The Kansas-Nebraska Act heightened tensions in the conflict over slavery.

3. Election of 1852
Main Idea 1:
The debate over the expansion of slavery influenced the election of 1852.

4. Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce was Democratic candidate
He Promised to support the Compromise of 1850 and enforce the Fugitive Slave Act which gained the trust of southern Democrats.
Whig Party chose Winfield Scott, a Mexican-American War hero
Southerners did not trust Scott because he had not fully supported Compromise of 1850

5. Election of 1852
Pierce won election by large margin

6. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
In 1854, Stephen Douglas wanted to build a railroad in the north, going west from Chicago to the Pacific Ocean.
Stephen Douglas

7. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Douglas proposed organizing the region west of Missouri and Iowa as the territories of Kansas and Nebraska which would mean two more free states would be added.
His proposal would become known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Nebraska
Kansas
Stephen Douglas

8. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Stephen Douglas
He proposed abandoning Missouri Compromise and allowing for popular sovereignty after Southerners suggested he build the Railroad in the South.
Allowing for popular sovereignty would mean that voters in those areas could decide if they wanted to have slavery or make it illegal.

9. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act would therefore eliminate the Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery north of the 36°30’ line
Now you can have slaver here
Nebraska
Kansas
This line would mean nothing now
Stephen Douglas

10. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
May 1854 – the Kansas-Nebraska Act is passed
Antislavery northerners were outraged that free territory could be turned into slave territory.

11. Bleeding Kansas
Proslavery and Anti-Slavery groups rushed into Kansas after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Pro-slavery groups wanted to win Kansas for their side giving them more power in government. Antislavery groups wanted to win Kansas for their side.

12. Bleeding Kansas
Even though there were only 1,500 registered voters in Kansas, 6,000 votes were cast in the election.
1855: A proslavery Congress was elected in Kansas.
Many of the voters were actually people from Missouri The voters from Missouri were called border ruffians because of their improper behavior.
Missouri

13. Bleeding Kansas Antislavery people in Kansas refused to accept defeat
Antislavery people armed themselves with weapons and adopted their own government
ProSlavery AntiSlavery

14. Bleeding Kansas
The National Government in Washington DC was divided over Kansas as well.
The National Senate recognized the proslavery government in Kansas
The National House of Representatives supported and recognized the antislavery government in Kansas

15. Bleeding Kansas The outbreak of violence in Kansas was inevitable
Slavery supporters attacked the antislavery capital building in Kansas.
Abolitionist leader John Brown retaliates
He vowed to “strike terror in the hearts of proslavery people”

16. Bleeding Kansas
Abolitionist John Brown and his sons killed five pro-slavery men in what was called the Pottawatomie Massacre
Brown and his men dragged the pro-slavery men out of their cabins and killed them with swords. The abolitionist group managed to escape capture. Brown declared that his actions had been ordered by God.

18. Bleeding Kansas
As a result of the Pottawatomie Massacre, Kansas soon collapsed into a civil war. Many citizens were killed. That civil war in Kansas became known as “Bleeding Kansas.”

19. You know you got a big mouth.
Bleeding Kansas
The events in Kansas led representative Charles Sumner to give a speech in Congress called “The Crime against Kansas.”
In his speech, Sumner verbally attacked the proslavery forces, and especially proslavery senator Andrew Butler
Preston Brooks, who was Butler’s distant cousin, took offense to Sumner’s speech.
You know you got a big mouth.
Preston Brooks, the cousin of Andrew Butler
Charles Sumner

20. Bleeding Kansas
Brooks went to the Senate chamber and laid a beating on Sumner.
Brooks hit Sumner repeatedly over the head and shoulders with a cane
Sumner was knocked unconscious and left bloody.
Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner in the Senate chambers

22. Bleeding Kansas
Both Bleeding Kansas and the Brooks-Sumner incident revealed the high level of hostility (anger) between the North and South.
Bleeding Kansas made things much worse between the North and the South

23. Political Divisions
Section 3

24. Political Parties Undergo Change
The violence of the slavery issue made people realize that a new party was needed – a party to bring together all of the antislavery people.
A poster for an Anti-Slavery meeting

25. Political Parties Undergo Change
1854 – the Republican Party begins
Some Whigs, Democrats, & Free-Soilers joined the Republican Party.
The Republican Party rallied behind the issue of stopping the spread of slavery in the west.
They received strong support in the North

26. Political Parties Undergo Change
During the Presidential Election of 1854:
The Republicans ran John C. Fremont for President.
The Democratic Party ran James Buchanan
The Know-Nothing Party ran Millard Fillmore.
The Know-Nothing Party disliked immigrants, and had no stance on slavery

27. Political Parties Undergo Change
Democrat James Buchanan won the election.
Southern Dem’s happy
He won 14 of 15 slave states.
The Know-Nothings decided to join forces with Republicans after the election.
James Buchanan

28. Political Parties Undergo Change
Main Idea 1:
Political parties in the United States underwent change due to the movement to expand slavery.

29. Dred Scott Decision Main Idea 2:
The Dred Scott decision created further division over the issue of slavery.

30. Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott - a slave, bought by a man from
Missouri
Scott’s master – along with Scott - later moved to Illinois, a free state, and then to the Wisconsin Territory where slavery was banned, before moving back to Missouri where he died
Dred Scott

31. Discussion
Convince me to either free Dred Scott or keep him a slave? Be ready to explain you answer.

32. Dred Scott Decision Upon his master’s death, Scott
sued for his freedom
He argued that since he had once lived in free soil, he should now be free
His case lasts 11 years and finally makes it to Supreme Court
Judge Taney, Dred Scott and his wife

33. Dred Scott Decision
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney decided that Scott was still a slave
Scott was not a citizen = he can’t sue
Judge Taney

34. Dred Scott Decision Enslaved people = property 5th Amendment
Govt cannot take away property without “due process of law”

35. Dred Scott Decision
He also said that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in any territory
Missouri Compromise = unconstitutional
Popular Sovereignty = unconstitutional
Citizen’s cannot take away another person’s property (i.e. slave)
I am the Law!!
Judge Taney said that slavery was protected

36. Dred Scott Decision
In effect, Taney’s decision meant that the Constitution protected slavery
The ruling stunned many northerners, including Illinois lawyer Abraham Lincoln, who warned about its consequences

38. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
In 1858, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A Douglas ran for the Illinois Senate position.
Abraham Lincoln ran under the Republican platform and was an unknown to most people.
Stephen A. Douglas ran as a Democrat and was well known. He was considered to be a likely presidential candidate in the election of 1860.
Abe
Lincoln
Stephen Douglas

39. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Stephen Douglas had been a successful lawyer.
Because he was short and stalky, he was often called “the Little Giant.”
Douglas disliked slavery, but believed in the idea of popular sovereignty. He thought the people of an area should decide if slavery should be allowed where they lived.
Stephen Douglas

40. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Abraham Lincoln had very little formal education.
Lincoln believed that slavery was morally wrong.
However, he also believed that there was no easy way to end it.
Lincoln believed that slavery should not be allowed to spread, but was not against slavery continuing in the South.
How was Abe like George Washington?

41. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
During the debates, Lincoln expressed the Republican party belief that slavery was wrong
One of the most memorable parts of the debates was known as the House Divided speech, where Lincoln warned about the dangers of disagreement about slavery. He also expressed his belief that the dispute over slavery would soon be resolved. He said -
“ `A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe that this Government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. . I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided ”
Lincoln speaking at a debate

43. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Lincoln and Douglas held 7
debates as they ran for the Senate seat in Illinois. Most of the debates were about slavery.
Thousands of people attended the debates and were very popular.
Douglas lost Southern support due to debates. Lincoln, on the other hand, gained a lot of fame.
Abe Lincoln & Stephen Douglas

44. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
During the debates, Douglas put forth the idea of the Freeport Doctrine.
The Freeport Doctrine said that decision to practice slavery in the territories belonged to the people. This idea is called popular sovereignty.
Popular sovereignty put the power into the peoples hands and helped Douglas win the election. The South did not like this idea and were upset that Douglas was not more pro-slavery.

45. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
DANG!!
Douglas eventually won the election and the Senate position in Illinois.
However, Douglas also lost a lot of support in the south because he did not strongly support slavery enough for their liking.
Although Lincoln lost the election, he won national fame and attention.
Honest Abe

46. How tall was Abraham Lincoln?
Lincoln stood 6'3 3/4" tall (not including his hat) and was the tallest president in U.S. history. That makes him about 1” taller than the world famous Mr. Pine

47. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Main Idea 3:
The Lincoln-Douglas debates brought much attention to the conflict over slavery.