1. Innovative Technologies Contributing to Future Earth Science Capabilities Presented to: Working Group on Space-Based Lidar Winds June 17, 2009 George J. Komar Associate Director/Program Manager Earth Science Technology Office

2. 2 Earth Science Division Overview – Overarching goal: to advance Earth System science, including climate studies, through spaceborne data acquisition, research and analysis, and predictive modeling – Six major activities: Building and operating Earth observing satellite missions, many with international and interagency partners Making high-quality data products available to the broad science community Conducting and sponsoring cutting-edge research in 6 thematic focus areas –Field campaigns to complement satellite measurements –Modeling –Analyses of non-NASA mission data Applied Science Developing technologies to improve Earth observation capabilities Education and Public Outreach

3. 3 –Enable previously unforeseen or infeasible science investigations Far infrared Spectroscopy of the Troposphere (FIRST) - first ever complete infrared emission spectrum of the Earth (key data for global change studies) Gravity gradiometer - for measurements of the sub-surface structure of the solid and fluid Earth –Enhance existing measurement or operational capabilities New, radiation tolerant low-power transceiver Electronic design tools accelerate design and analysis of Field Programmable Gate Arrays – Reduce cost, risk, or development times Mass and size reductions (AIRS-Light, MISR-2) Why Do Technology?

4. 4 Approach to Technology Development Science driven, competed, actively managed, dynamically communicated Competitive, peer-reviewed proposals enable selection of best-of-class technology investments Risks are retired before major dollars are invested: a cost-effective approach to technology development and validation This approach has resulted in: a portfolio of emerging technologies that will enhance and/or enable future science measurements a growing number of infusion successes: -technologies are infused into: science campaigns, instruments, ground systems and missions -infusion is by competitive selection by science investigators or mission managers, not the technology program

5. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Tier I Tier II Tier III Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynI) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment - II (GRACE - II) Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HYSPIRI) Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS) Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE) LIDAR Surface Topography (LIST) Precipitation and All-Weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH) Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP) Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds) Global Atmospheric Composition Mission (GACM)

6. NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions Using Lasers Tier I Tier II Tier III Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynI) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment - II (GRACE - II) Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HYSPIRI) Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS) Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE) LIDAR Surface Topography (LIST) Precipitation and All-Weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH) Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP) Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds) Global Atmospheric Composition Mission (GACM)

7. 7 Examples of ESTO Investments: Lasers Tier I CLARREO Far-infrared spectrometer UV-SWIR spectrometer Tier IITier III HyspIRI Thermal IR spectrometers LIST High rep-rate lasers Swath-imaging laser altimeter SMAP L-band radiometer/radar RFI mitigation ICESat-II One micron laser technology Diode life testing DESDynI L-band InSAR & T/R modules Laser beam steering ASCENDS CO2 Sounder Fiber-based lasers SWOT Ka-band interferometric SAR Ku and Ka-band downconverters GEO-CAPE UV-Vis-NIR spectrometers IR mapping spectrometer ACE Multi-angle polarimeter High spectral resolution lidar Dual-frequency radar Ocean color spectrometer PATH 2-D thinned array sounder Hi-freq. MMIC receivers GRACE-II Laser range transceiver Frequency-stabilized lasers SCLP Ku-band MMIC T/R modules Onboard SAR processor GACM UV-Vis-IR spectrometers Scanning microwave sounder 3D-Winds UV direct detection and two micron coherent instruments

8. 8 Examples of ESTO Investments: Lasers CO 2 Laser Sounder for the ASCENDS Mission - Abshire, NASA GSFC DAWN: Doppler Aerosol WiNd Lidar (3D-Winds Mission) - Kavaya, NASA LaRC Efficient Swath Mapping Laser Altimetry (LIST Mission) - Yu, NASA GSFC Technologies for a Combined HSRL and O 3 DIAL (ACE Mission) - Hostetler, NASA LaRC

9. Science Technology Future LRRP DAWN NRC Decadal Survey 3-D Winds Space Mission Funded Projects Roadmap to 3-D Winds Space Mission IPP 9 ATIP DAWN-AIR1 DAWN-AIR2 GRIP Hurricane Campaign Aircraft Science Flights 98 01 08 10 08 06 09 02 09 08 11 09 10 Ground Intercomparison 10 12 10 22 15 14 ESTO $2.9M ESTO $1M ESTO $40M ESTO $1.5M ESD $0.5M ESD $1M ESD $0.3M ESD $0.6M ESD $200M Current Past Technology

10. 10 New Mission Classes (ESD) “Foundational” Glory (1/2010) Aquarius (5/2010) NPP (1-6/2010) LDCM (12/2012) (w/o TIRS) GPM (7/2013, 11/2015) “National Needs” Carbon Recovery (vice-OCO) TIRS (LDCM or free-flyer) DSCOVR SAGE-III GIFTS “Decadal Survey” Venture-Class (2009, 2011, …) SMAP (3/2014) ICESAT-II (2015) CLARREO DESDynI (SAR, LIDAR) Tier-2 (5 missions) Tier-3 (6 missions) “Climate/Operational” Vector Winds (vice QuikSCAT) Space Weather (vice ACE) Ocean color, Aerosols (vice MODIS) Nadir Altimetry (vice OSTM/Jason-2) GPSRO Broad-band Radiation Bud.(CERES) “R 2 O” infusion …

11. 11 - Active Remote Sensing Technologies to enable atmospheric, cryospheric and earth surface measurements - Large Deployables to enable future weather/climate/ natural hazards measurements - Intelligent Distributed Systems using advanced communication, on-board reprogrammable processors, autonomous network control, data compression, high density storage - Information Knowledge Capture through 3-D visualization, holographic memory and seamlessly linked models. Earth Science Technology Challanges

12. 12 Conclusions and Current Status Currently funded technologies are providing state-of-the-art instruments, components, and information systems capabilities for a wide range of Earth science measurements. New awards for instrument, component, and information system technologies are being selected by NASA. These technologies will provide new capabilities that will enable the Earth Science Decadal Survey missions. Active remote sensing systems are a major and substantial key to the future success of Earth Science advances. http://esto.nasa.gov

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