1. Events Leading to the Civil War

2. Northern Goals vs. Southern Goals
After the Louisiana Purchase (1803), both the North & South
wanted the acquired western land to benefit their sectional
Continue to develop manufacturing jobs and trade, which do not depend on enslaved workers
Pass laws to promote trade and growth of factories
Make sure new Western votes in Congress are for Northern interests by not allowing slavery in new territories
Southern Goals
Expand agriculture (such as cotton and other cash crops), which does depend on enslaved workers
Pass laws to protect slavery and growth of agriculture
Make sure new Western votes in Congress are for Southern
interests by allowing slavery
in new territories

3. Missouri compromise, 1820
In 1919, When Missouri applied for statehood, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states. Congress had to confront the issue of whether to let slavery spread into the territories.
The goal of this compromise was to keep the balance of power
between slave and free states by admitting Maine to the Union
as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.
Additionally, to prevent future arguments over the Louisiana
Territory, an imaginary east-west line was drawn at the southern
boundary of Missouri that said any new state north of the line
would be a free state and any new state south of the line would
be a slave state.

5. Compromise of 1850
A series of laws that attempted to resolve conflict between
the northern and southern states. In the Compromise…
California was admitted as a free state
New Mexico and Utah were allowed to decide their own
slavery laws
The slave trade (buying and selling enslaved Africans) was
abolished in Washington DC and the Fugitive Slave Law
passed.
The Compromise did not satisfy any side completely

7. Fugitive slave act
Passed by Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850
Declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters.
Abolitionists nicknamed it the
"Bloodhound Law" for the
dogs that were used to track
down runaway slaves.

8. Kansas-nebraska act, 1854
This act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska,
allowing the settlers to decide whether to have slavery
(popular sovereignty)
This decision angered Northerners, who thought these
territories should be free states because of the Missouri
Compromise.
Southerners responded by arguing that the Compromise of
1850 replaced the Missouri Compromise.
Both sides were upset and the stage was set for Civil War.

10. Bleeding kansas Things worked out as anticipated in Nebraska,
but not in Kansas.
Violent hostilities erupted
between pro & antislavery
forces in the Kansas
territory during the mid and
late 1850s.

11. The courts grapple with slavery: dred scott v. sanford
Dred Scott was born a slave in Virginia around 1799.
In 1834, a man named Dr. Emerson bought Dred Scott and they moved to Illinois, a free state.
In 1836, they moved to Minnesota, also free state.
There, Scott married another slave named Harriet.
In 1838, the Emersons and the Scotts moved to Missouri, a slave state.
In 1843, Dr. Emerson died, leaving his wife possession of the Scotts.
Dred Scott sued Mrs. Emerson. He claimed that he was no
longer a slave because he had become free when he lived
in a free state.

12. The jury decided that Scott and his family should be free.
The Emersons did not like the decision and appealed to the Missouri Supreme Court in That court said that Missouri does not have to follow the laws of another state.
As a slave state, Missouri's laws meant that Scott and his family were not free.
Do you feel that the Missouri Supreme Court made the right decision? Why or why not?

13. Dred Scott v. Sandford- Final Ruling of the US Supreme Court
In a harsh decision, the US Supreme Court ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants—whether or not they were slaves—were not protected by the Constitution and could never be citizens of the United States.
It also held that the US Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.
The Court also ruled that because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court.
Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves—as private property—could not be taken away from their owners without due process.

14. The Election of 1860: Abraham Lincoln and Stephen a. douglas
Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Abraham Lincoln began attacking the legislation and its author, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. When Douglas ran for reelection in 1858, Lincoln opposed him in Illinois. Douglas won that election, but Lincoln had a desire to seek the presidential nomination.
Running against Lincoln on the Democrat ticket was Senator
Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckenridge.
The presidential election was held on November 6, 1860.
Lincoln did very well in the northern states, and though he garnered less than 40 percent of the popular vote, he won a landslide victory in the electoral college.
Ominously, Lincoln did not carry any southern states.

15. The election of abraham lincoln
How do you think the Southern states will respond to the election of Abraham Lincoln?
Lincoln declared, “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot last forever, half slave and half free. I do not expect the house to fall-but I do expect it will cease to be divided.”
What message is
Lincoln conveying?

16. The Southern States Secede
During Lincoln’s campaign, Southern states, due to their fear
of a ban on slavery, warned they would secede if Lincoln won.
Thus, on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first
state to secede from the “Union.”
Shortly after, the other southern states followed to join the
newly formed Confederate States of America, with Jefferson
Davis as their recognized president.
North Carolina was the last Southern state to secede on May
20, 1861.

17. Confederate SLAVE States: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia Union FREE States: California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin Union SLAVE States Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, West Virginia

18. The Civil War Begins: The Battle at Fort Sumter
The nation wondered how President Lincoln would handle the
secession of the southern states, which he viewed as illegal.
His response came in April 1861, when Confederate South
Carolina soldiers fired on federal troops stationed at Fort
Sumter in Charleston.
Upon hearing this news, Lincoln telegraphed each of the states that remained in the Union requesting that they supply the United States Army with troops.
The Civil War had officially begun.