1. The Circulatory System Mrs. Hoover

2. Objectives
Diversity and Adaptations of Organisms - The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives:
1. By classifying organisms, biologists consider details of internal and external structure.
2. Organisms have a great variety of internal and external structures that enable them to survive.

3. The Circulatory System:
Introduction
The circulatory system (or cardiovascular system) moves blood throughout the body.
Consists of 3 main components:
Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood
Interacts with all tissue systems in the body.

4. The Circulatory System:
the body’s transport system.
Blood Vessels
Heart
Blood

5. Heart: Anatomy Pumps blood to circulate throughout your body
Located in the center of the chest cavity
The apex (or bottom) of the heart points towards the left
Strongest muscle in the body
Encased in a fluid filled sac known as the pericardium
Separated into right and left sides by the septum
Contains 4 chambers
Right atrium, right ventricle
Left atrium, left ventricle

6. Heart: Atrium The atrium is the top chamber of the heart Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
Received oxygenated blood from the lungs
Pumps blood to the right ventricle
Pumps blood to the left ventricle

7. Heart: Ventricle Lower, larger chamber of the heart
Contains thick walls of muscle to help pump out a greater capacity of blood than the atrium
The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it has to send blood out to the entire body, whereas the right ventricle only sends blood to the lungs
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
Pumps blood out to the lungs to exchange CO2 waste with O2
Pumps blood out to the body

8. Heart: Valves Keeps blood flowing in one direction Tricuspid valve *
Heart contains 4
Tricuspid valve *
Separates right atrium from
right ventricle
Has 3 “leaflets”
Bicuspid valve *
Separates left atrium from right ventricle
Has 2 “leaflets”

9. Heart: Valves Aortic valve * Pulmonary valve *
Lies between the aorta (see blood vessels) and the left ventricle
Known as a semilunar valve (contains 3 cusps)
Pulmonary valve *
Lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (see blood vessels)
Known as a semilunar valve

10. Heart: Blood Flow
body  right atrium  right ventricle  lungs  left atrium  left ventricle 
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11. Blood Vessels Carry blood in the circulatory system
All emerge from the base of the heart
Consist of:
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

12. Blood Vessels: Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
2 Major arteries associated with the heart
Aorta
Directs blood from the left ventricle to the body
Pulmonary arteries
Directs blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

13. Blood Vessels: Arteries

14. Blood Vessels: Veins Carry blood to the heart
2 major veins associated with the heart
Venae cavae (“veena cave-a”)
Returns blood from the body to the right atrium
Pulmonary veins
Returns blood from the lungs to the left atrium

15. Blood Vessels: Veins

16. Blood Vessels: Capillaries
Porous vessels found within tissues
Place of exchange between blood and tissues
Blood enters tissues and exchanges oxygen and materials
Connection between arteries and veins

17. Blood Vessels: Blood Flow
heart  arteries lungs  veins  heart  arteries  capillaries  veins 
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18. Blood Fluid that is found in the circulatory system
Carries oxygen and other materials to tissues in the body
Produced in bone marrow
Cleaned by the kidneys
Consists of:
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

19. Blood: Plasma The liquid portion of blood Contains: Water Ions
Organic Molecules
Dissolved gases
Proteins

20. Blood: Red Blood Cells Also known as erythrocytes (meaning red)
Main role is to transport gases:
Oxygen from the lungs to tissues
Carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

21. Blood: White Blood Cells
Also known as leukocytes (meaning white)
Main role is in the body’s immune response defending against foreign invaders:
Parasites
Bacteria
Viruses

22. Blood: White Blood Cells
There are 5 different cell types:
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Each cell type performs a specific function in fighting off invaders.

23. Blood: Platelets Also known as thrombocytes (meaning to lump or clot).
Main role is to aid in blood clotting mechanisms
Prevents loss of blood in damaged vessels
Part of wound healing
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24. Review: Circulatory System Video

25. Review: Circulatory System Song
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26. Additional Resources Great video from the Mayo Clinic
system/MM00636
Explore the anatomy of the circulatory system from the Texas Heart Institute
Test your knowledge by playing these games from Quia

27. Quiz What separates the heart into left and right sides?
Pericardium
Septum
Ventricle
Capillary
The right atrium is larger than the left atrium because it needs more force to pump the blood to the body.
True
False

28. Quiz
Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the heart?
Left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium
Right ventricle, right atrium, lungs, left ventricle, left atrium
Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
Left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle
Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the blood vessels?
Heart, arteries, lungs, veins, heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart
Heart, veins, lungs, arteries, heart, veins, capillaries, veins, heart
Heart, capillaries, lungs, capillaries, heart, arteries, veins, heart
None of the above

29. Quiz Which of the following is not found in blood?
Platelets
Plasma
Bile
Cells
How many different types of white blood cells are there? 1 2 4 5

30. Assignment (25 pts.)
Correctly label the different parts of the heart. (5 pts.)
What are the functions of arteries, veins and capillaries? Where are they found? (5 pts.)
List and define the different components that make up blood (5 pts.)
Using the worksheet provided, trace the route that blood takes in the circulatory system. Make sure you differentiate between oxygen poor (blue) and oxygen rich (red) blood. (10 pts.)