2.  Secession- to leave or withdraw.  Starting with South Carolina  Created a new nation:  Capital: Richmond, VA  President: Jefferson Davis  Election of 1860  Secession

3.  April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire  Major Robert Anderson tried to hold fort but ran out of supplies  Lincoln declared South in rebellion

4.  VA, NC, TN & AR joined Confederacy  Borders States - between North & South  became very important to the North – DE, MD, WV, KY & MO

6. 1. More Railroads 2. More Factories 3. Balanced Economy 4. Larger Population 5. Functioning Gov’t.

7. 1. More Trained Officers 2. Defensive Position 3. Preservation of Way of Life

8. 1. Bullet – long piece of metal w/ rounded end

10. 2. Rifling – spiral groove cut inside gun barrel

11. 3. Shell – Exploding cannon ball

12. 4. Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny lead balls

13. 5. Ironclad Gunboats – steamships w/ iron plating

14.  Draft – required military service  Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment

15.  Internal Revenue Act – tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paper  became Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

16.  Created National Currency: Greenbacks

17.  Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – project to connect East & West w/ railroads

18.  Emancipation Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were freed

19.  1 st African American Regiment  Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw  Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner

23. Rep. – Abraham Lincoln Dem. – George McClellan  Lincoln thought he would lose!  McClellan hated Lincoln!

24.  Just before the election Sherman took Atlanta  This victory changed the country’s outlook  Lincoln won re-election

25. North  Point Lookout, MA  Camp Chase, OH  Fort Delaware

27. South  Libby’s Prison, VA  Andersonville, Ga - 100 soldiers died a day - Commander guilty of war crimes

30.  TERRIBLE!  Docs did not sterilize equipment!  Went days w/out washing equipment!  High rates of infection

37. Some tried to make changes: 1. Clara Barton – gave first aide to troops & started Red Cross 2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps

39. NORTH  Flourished  Industry boomed  Women took jobs in factories SOUTH  Declined  Food Shortages  Still produced cotton & not food crops