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Social Changes 50s – 70s
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Levittown Created after WWI because of demand for homes
Developer, named Levitt, bought farms and converted them to suburban homes Cookie-cutter
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Gender Roles in the 50s Dad is the bread winner
Mom is the happy homemaker
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Television – family time
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Homemaker’s Lives Made Easier?
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Dissatisfied in the Home
In the 50’s, it was said that women went to college for a “Mrs.” degree, not a B.A. Women were not thought of as ambitious and weren’t encouraged to be Women became dissatisfied with cleaning and baking Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique Women who want a career are ambitious and motivated - they are not flawed or unfeminine
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Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique
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Women in the Workplace Women with college degrees would still be in designated female roles, even if they are qualified to do much more Women seeking advanced roles or promotions would be bypassed for men even if the man was clearly less qualified Help Wanted ads in newspapers were separated by gender Women made less money than men doing the same job Harassment
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Changes for Women Presidential Commission on the Status of Women – 1961 JFK commission, but prompted by Eleanor Roosevelt Analyzed disputes between men and women in the workplace Led to improvements in women’s rights Equal Pay Act – 1963 – JFK reform Men and women would be compensated equally in government jobs National Organization of Women – (NOW)- 1966 Founded by Betty Friedan Objective – bring women into the mainstream of American society by forging an equal partnership with men
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Sexual Revolution Stigma associated with sex, particularly with women
Kate Millett Wrote Sexual Politics Said culture creates women’s societal roles, not a lack of intelligence or a biological inferiority Women suppress their sexual activity because society tells them to do so Ushers in sexual revolution Valerie Solanas Wrote the SCUM Manifesto (Society for cutting up men) Men are human abhorations that act solely upon their sexual drive She tried to kill Andy Warhol
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Kate Millett & Valerie Solanas
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Sexual Revolution Goes to Court
Griswold v. Connecticut – 1965 Connecticut law prohibits use of contraceptive devices Supreme Court overturned this and ruled that it violated a person’s 4th amendment rights to privacy Opened the door for Roe v. Wade Roe v. Wade Struck down state laws that forbade abortions Cited the right to privacy (4th Amendment)
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Equal Rights Amendment - 1971
People cannot be denied their rights based on gender This was never ratified Gloria Steinem Founder of Ms. Magazine Wrote about discrimination and gender roles Phyllis Schlafly Against ERA because it would have a bad impact on the family Working mothers would lead to social problems
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Gloria Steinem & Phyllis Schlafly
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Jack Kerouac & the Beat Movement
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Allen Ginsberg - Howl I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed
by madness, starving hysterical naked, dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix, angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection To the starry dynamo in the machinery of night
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Rock & Roll of the 50s
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Rock & Roll of the 60s
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Summer of Love Young people from all over the country went to San Francisco to listen to music, take drugs, and “be” Long haired men & women – called hippies They brought these ideas back to their homes The sensibilities of the youth did not jive with those of their parents Birth control, premartial sex
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Woodstock 1969 – Music festival – Musicians that are part of this counterculture talk about political issues, drugs, rebellion. They speak out against the war in Vietnam People were openly defying societal norms by engaging in behaviors like taking drugs & having sex
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Anti-War Demonstrations
As news of casualties rolled in, people became more agitated Anti-war protests rose on college campuses Students march to Pentagon in 1967 Try to storm Pentagon, hundreds arrested Some protestors stick flowers in the barrels of rifles Kent State – 1970 – After Cambodia invasion, students protest at Kent. National Guard opens fire killing 4.
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