1. Transportation ESP seminar - fall 2007 IPCC 4th report Group 3 chapter 5 Anaïs Orsi

2. A few facts to begin with Mobility is key to development Transportation demand is increasing

4. A few facts to begin with Mobility is key to development Transportation demand is increasing There is no shortage of fuel

5. Outline Public transport and density: How can we make it worth it not to use one’s car? Taxes: what for?

6. Commuting: what are the options?

8. Commuting in the USA  A bus based strategy will not necessarily reduce GHG in the US.  Density of San Diego city: 3,871.5/sq mi Singapore: 16,392 /sq mi

9. Commuting options: rail or BRT Elevated or underground rail costs $50-200 million/km BRT: bus rapid transit - $1-15 million/km

10. Commuting options: walk/cycle Cycle distances < 7.5km Walk distances < 2.5km 50% of trip made in car in Europe are less than 5km (ch5, p38) Very sensitive to the local environment.

11. Commuting options: conclusions Transportation solutions are unique to each city Transportation is multi- modal

12. To tax or not to tax… working on incentives Influence the purchase of a clean vehicle Gasoline tax: efficiency depends on the elasticity of prices. Doesn’t work in the US. Swiss: oil providers pay 5cents/gallon to a climate mitigation fund ($80 million annually). Would generate $9 billion/year if implemented in the USA. (p66.) Singapore: licensing policy

13. Potential tax benefits

14. Discussion points: Why don’t people live near where they work? What’s to be taxed in the US?