1. CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT BY SUMERA QURESHI

2. AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES CROP- WHHEN PLANTS OF THE SAME TYPE ARE GROWN ON A PIECE OF LAND. TYPES OF CROPS- KHARIF- GROWN IN RAINY SEASON(JUNE TO SEPTEMBER) EG-PADDY, MAIZE. RABY- GROWN IN WINTER(OCT TO MATCH) EG- WHEAT, PEA, GRAM

3. AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES 1.PREPARATION OF SOIL. 2.SOWING 3. ADDING MANURE AND FERTILIZER 4. IRRIGATION 5. PROTECTION FROM WEEDS 6. HARVESTING 7. STORAGE

4. PRPARATION OF SOIL-THE LOOSENING AND TURNING OF SOIL BY PLOUGH

5. plough

6. CULTIVATOR

7. SOWING- SEED DRILLS ARE US ED FOR SOWING HEALTHY SEEDS OF GOOD VARIETY

8. Traditional seed drill

9. MANURE WHEN THE DEAD PLANT AND ANIMAL MATTER IS DECOMPOSED TO PROVIDE NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS. IF EARTHWORMS ARE USED FOR MAKING MANURE, IT IS CALLED VERMICOMPOSTING

10. manure

11. VERMICOMPOSTING

12. FERTILISER IF CHEMICALS PREPARED IN FACTORIES ARE USED FOR PROVIDING NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS. EG – SUPER PHOSPHATE, UREA, AMMONIUM SULPHATE, NPK( NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM

13. FERTILISER

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FRTILISER AND MANURE MANUREFERTILISER 1.IT IS PREPARED IN FIELD1.IT IS PREPARED IN FACTORY 2.IT IS CHEAP2.IT IS COSTLY 3.IT IS DIFFICULT TO TRANSPORT3.IT IS EASY TO TRANPORT 4.IT PROVIDES HUMUS4.IT DOES NOT PROVIDE HUMUS 5.IT IS A CHEMICAL5.IT IS A NATURAL PRODUCT

15. ADVANTAGES OF MANURE 1.IT INCRESES WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF SOIL. 2. IT MAKES SOIL POROUS SO THAT GASEOUS EXCHANGE CAN TAKE PLACE. 3. IT INCREASES FRIENDLY MICROBES. 4. IT IMPROVES TEXTURE OF SOIL

16. IRRIGATION THE TIME TO TIME WATERING OF CROP PLANTS IS CALLED IRRIGATION. SOURCES- TANK, RIVER, POND, LAKE, WELL, DAMS, TUBE WELLS,CANALS

17. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF IRRIGATION- MOAT

18. CHAIN PUMP

19. DHEKLI

20. MODERN METHODS- SPRINKLER

21. DRIP IRRIGATION

22. PROTECTION FROM WEEDS WEED- AN UNWANTED PLANT GROWING WITH THE CROP WHICH COMPETES WITH IT FOR SPACE, SUNLIGHT, NUTRIENTS AND WATER. IT CAN BE REMOVED BY HAND PLCKING,A AKHURPI OR BY CHEMICALS WHICH KILL WEEDS(WEEDICIDE) SUCH AS 2,4-D

23. WEED

24. HARVESTING WHEN THE CROP IS MATURE AND READY THEN THE CUTTING IS CALLED HARVESTING THRESHING- WHEN THE GRAIN IS SEPARATED FROM CHAFF USING A COMBINE OR A HARVESTER. WINNOWING- WHEN WIND IS USED FOR SEPARATING SEEDS FROM CHAFF.

25. HARVESTER

26. HARVEST FESTIVALS BAISAKHI, HOLI, DIWALI, PONGAL,BIHU

27. WINNOWING

28. STORAGE STORAGE OF GRAINS IS DONE EITHER IN GODOWNS OR SILOS WHERE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IS CONTROLLED. GRAIN IS PROTECTED FROM RATS, INSECTS, BIRDS AND MICRO-ORGANISMS.

29. silos

30. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY THE DOMESTICATION OR REARING OF ANIMALS FOR THE IR PRODUCTS WHICH INCLUDES REARING, FEEDNG, HEEDING AND BREEDING EG- DAIRYING, POULTRY, FISH CULTURE