4. 6 Middle East: Economics, Technology, and Environment

6. The Energy Crisis: Crude- Oil Imports

7. Oil Consumption in the 1970s and Dependence on Oil Imports

8. The Energy Crisis: Gasoline Prices

9. The Energy Crisis: Crude-Oil Imports and Gasoline Prices

10. U.S. Energy Consumption, 1900–2000

11. Gas Guzzling “Muscle” Cars

12. No gas

13. The United States Department of Energy: October 1977 “The Department of Energy Organization Act brought the federal government's agencies and programs into a single agency. The Department of Energy, activated on October 1, 1977, assumed the responsibilities of the Federal Energy Administration, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Federal Power Commission, and parts and programs of several other agencies. The Department provided the framework for a comprehensive and balanced national energy plan by coordinating and administering the energy functions of the federal government. The Department undertook responsibility for long-term, high-risk research and development of energy technology, federal power marketing, energy conservation, the nuclear weapons program, energy regulatory programs, and a central energy data collection and analysis program.”

14. The National Energy Act of 1978 Higher tax on inefficient cars (gas-guzzlers) New utilities to use other non-petroleum fuel sources Deregulate oil prices Provide tax credits for homeowners seeking to make their homes more energy efficient Funding for alternative fuels research Focus on nuclear energy

15. 4 Oil Changes a Region The discovery of oil in the 1930s brought the region enormous wealth, which was used to pay for hospitals, schools, roads, airports, apartment buildings, modern health care, and desalination plants. In 1960, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - OPEC was formed to decide how much oil to produce and at what price to sell it. Between 1970 and 1980, high demand for oil caused prices to soar, which had an immense impact on the world economy. Because oil wells will one day run dry, the countries of the region are investing large sums of money to develop other industries.

16. 4 Oil Changes a Region