1. 15.2 The Problems of Urbanization
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the movement of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there
Explain how cities dealt with problems related to housing, transportation, water supply, and fire and police protection.
Describe some of the organization and people who offered help to urban immigrants

2. WARMUP
What were some of the problems with urban areas in the early 1900s. What were the solutions?
What is the social gospel movement? How does this compare to Social Darwinism?

3. Many African Americans moved North to cities like Detroit and Chicago
By the early 1900s immigrant populations were overwhelming American cities
More Poles in Chicago than in Warsaw!
More Irish in New York than in Dublin, Ireland!
Many immigrants often lived in neighborhoods with others who shared their background
This helped them adapt to the new culture
Many African Americans moved North to cities like Detroit and Chicago

4. Immigration Problems
Row houses became very popular
Working class families were moving out of the city
Dumbbell tenements were oddly shaped in include an air shaft
Unfortunately people began to use them as a garbage disposal

5. Dumbbell Tenement

6. More Urban Problem PROBLEM: People can’t get to work
TRANSPORTATION
WATER/SANITATION
PROBLEM: People can’t get to work
Streetcars
Cable cars
Subways
Many tenements did not have fresh water
Diseases were spread
Horse manure in the streets
sewage in the gutters
foul smoke from factories

7. Urban Problems Lack of water Wooden dwellings
1853 – first paid fire dept.
1874 – first auto fire sprinkler
1844 – first organized police force
Chicago Fire 1871

8. Poor neighborhood, Philadelphia, 1915
Scenes like this in the immigrant wards of America's great cities stirred middle-class reformers to action at the turn of the century. (Philadelphia City Archives)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. Library of Congress
Family in an attic home with drying laundry].
CREATED/PUBLISHED [between 1900 and 1910]
NOTES title devised by cataloger.
Photograph of a photographic print.
Possibly immigrants.
Detroit Publishing Co. no. P 512.
Gift; State Historical Society of Colorado; 1949

10. The Tenement Question--Inside and Out!
Many city dwellers, especially immigrants, typically lived in tenements that were crowded and unsanitary. (Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

15. REFORM
Most mainstream or old line Protestant churches struggle to address plight of urban poor
Catholicism thrives, founds schools and parishes
SOCIAL GOSPEL is preached
(vs. SOCIAL DARWINISM)
Salvation Army, YMCA and Christian Scientists are formed in this milieu
Jane Addams: Reformer, studies social ills, founds Hull House in Chicago in 1889
Settlement Houses are founded to provide assistance to poor and new immigrants
Run largely by middle-class women reformers
Provided aid and education

16. TERMS Urbanization Row houses Dumbbell tenement Social Gospel movement
Settlement house
Jane Addams
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the movement of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there
Explain how cities dealt with problems related to housing, transportation, water supply, and fire and police protection.
Describe some of the organization and people who offered help to urban immigrants