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 Motivational Concepts Motivational Concepts  Hunger Hunger  Sexual Motivation Sexual Motivation  The Need to Belong The Need to Belong.

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Presentation on theme: " Motivational Concepts Motivational Concepts  Hunger Hunger  Sexual Motivation Sexual Motivation  The Need to Belong The Need to Belong."— Presentation transcript:

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2  Motivational Concepts Motivational Concepts  Hunger Hunger  Sexual Motivation Sexual Motivation  The Need to Belong The Need to Belong

3  Motivation Motivation

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5  Instinct (fixed pattern) Instinct  Instincts in animals  Instincts in humans

6  Drive-reduction theory Drive-reduction theory  Homeostasis Homeostasis  Need  Drive  Drive reduction

7  Drive-reduction theory Drive-reduction theory  Homeostasis Homeostasis  Need  Drive  Drive reduction

8  Drive-reduction theory Drive-reduction theory  Homeostasis Homeostasis  Need  Drive  Drive reduction

9  Incentive Incentive  Positive and negative

10  Arousal  Optimum level of arousal

11  Maslow’s hierarchy of needshierarchy of needs  Variations in the hierarchy

12 A HIERARCHY OF MOTIVES

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20  Contractions of the stomach  Washburn study

21  Glucose Glucose  Insulin  Hypothalamus  Lateral hypothalamus ▪ orexin  Vetromedial hypothalamus

22  Appetite hormones  Ghrelin  Obestatin  PYY  Leptin  Set point Set point  Basal metabolic rate Basal metabolic rate

23  Taste preferences  Genetic: sweet and salty  Neophobia  Adaptive taste preferences

24  Eating disorders  Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa  Bulimia nervosa Bulimia nervosa  Binge-eating disorder Binge-eating disorder

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27 LEVELS OF ANALYSIS FOR OUR HUNGER MOTIVATION

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31  Historical explanations for obesity  Obesity  Definition  Statistics  Obesity and life expectancy

32 OBESITY

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35  Social effects of obesity  Weight discrimination  Psychological effects of obesity

36 WEIGHT DISCRIMINATION

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38  Fat Cells

39  Set point and metabolism

40  The genetic factor  The food and activity factor  Sleep loss  Social influence  Food consumption and activity level

41  Realistic and moderate goals  Success stories  Attitudinal changes

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43  Sexual response cycle Sexual response cycle  Excitement phase  Plateau phase  Orgasm  Resolution phase ▪ Refractory period Refractory period

44  Effects of hormones  Development of sexual characteristics  Activate sexual behavior  Estrogen Estrogen  Testosterone Testosterone

45  External stimuli  Imagined stimuli  Dreams  Sexual fantasies

46 LEVELS OF ANALYSIS FOR SEXUAL MOTIVATION

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50  Ignorance  Minimal communication about birth control  Guilt related to sexual activity  Alcohol use  Mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity

51  Statistics of STIs  Teen abstinence  High intelligence  Religious engagement  Father presence  Participation in service learning programs

52  Sexual orientation Sexual orientation  Homosexual orientation  Heterosexual orientation  Sexual orientation statistics

53  Origins of sexual orientation studies  Fraternal birth order effect

54  The “Kinsey Report”  Myths and Facts

55  Same-sex attraction in animals  The brain and sexual orientation  Genes and sexual orientation  Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation

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57  Aiding survival  Wanting to belong

58  Sustaining relationships  The pain of ostracism  ostracism


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