1. Introduction to Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Management
Chapters 1 & 2
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2. HLT 116 Personal Wellness Dual Enrollment Course
Ms. Amy Wheeler, Instructor
Mr. Paul Rath, Instructor
© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

3. Course Information SYLLABUS HIGHLIGHTS Fit and Well book Attendance
Participation
Tardiness
Test procedures
Final exam schedule
Introduction to Text Book
Pg. XVI
Instructor Web Pages:

4. Course Organization Module 1: Components of Fitness
Project 1 – Fitness Lab
Module 2: Self-Management
Project 2 - Supertracker
Module 3: Becoming an Informed Consumer
Project 3 - Quackery
Module 4: Disease and Chronic Injury
Project 4 – Lifetime Plan
Module 2:
-Pedometers
-Self-Management Skills
-Nutrition
-Weight Management
-Body Image
Module 3:
-Substance Use and Abuse
-Stress
-Health Benefits of Physical Activity
-Quackery

5. Coming Up Next Time… Read—Chapter 1 Complete Lab 1.2 Handout
Be familiar with Key Terms
Complete Lab 1.2 Handout
DO NOT Write In the Textbook!!!
“SMART” Goals
Brainstorm 1 aspect of each of the 6 Dimensions of Wellness that you want to improve.
Draft a SMART goal for each of those areas.

6. Course Topics Health, wellness, fitness, healthy lifestyles
Components of fitness and wellness
Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes
Goal setting and program planning
Self-management skills
Substance use and abuse
Nutrition
Stress
Becoming an informed consumer

7. This course is for ALL fitness levels and abilities.
Goals of the Course
To learn about oneself intellectually, emotionally, and physically and to consider the connections between values and behavior.
To explore how individuals develop and function in the social, psychological, emotional, physical, and spiritual dimensions.
To plan for a lifetime of fitness, wellness, and physical activity.
This course is for ALL fitness levels and abilities. 17

8. Learning Objectives
Differentiate between skill-related and health-related fitness. Be able to provide examples of each.
Identify the major health problems in the United States today, and discuss their causes.
Describe how much physical activity is recommended for developing health and fitness.
Be able to write a SMART goal and identify each component of a SMART goal.

9. Wellness: The New Health Goal
Health refers to a overall condition of a person’s body or mind and to the presence or absence of illness or injury.
Differs based on factors beyond your control, such as genes, age, and family history
Wellness refers to optimal health and vitality
Is determined by the decisions you make about the way you live
Enhanced wellness involves making conscious decisions to control one’s risk factors that contribute to illness and injury.
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10. The Dimensions of Wellness
Physical wellness
Emotional wellness
Intellectual wellness
Spiritual wellness
Interpersonal wellness
Environmental wellness
The process of achieving wellness is constant and dynamic
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11. Figure 1.1 The Wellness Continuum
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12. Other Aspects of Wellness
Occupational and Financial Wellness
Most experts feel that these are also very important dimensions of wellness
Occupational wellness refers to the level of happiness and fulfillment you gain through your work.
Financial wellness refers to your ability to live within your means and manage your money.
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13. New Opportunities, New Responsibilities
Infectious diseases caused the majority of deaths
Since 1900, present life expectancy has doubled due to the development of vaccines and antibiotics.
This gives rise to the emergence of new major health threats.
Heart disease
Cancer
Stroke
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14. Table 1.2 Leading Causes of Death
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15. Healthy People Initiative
The National Healthy People Initiative aims to prevent disease and improve Americans’ quality of life
The latest report, Healthy People 2020 proposes 4 broad goals:
Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.
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16. Figure 1.3 Quantity of Life versus Quality of Life
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17. Reaching Wellness Through Lifestyle Management
Behaviors that contribute to wellness
This lifestyle management is called behavior change.
Before you can start this process, consider the following:
Examine your current health habits
Consider how your current lifestyle is affecting your health
Choose a target behavior
Pick one behavior to change
Learn about your target behavior
Take into consideration the risks and rewards of changing that behavior
Find help through resources available
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18. Building Motivation to Change
Examine the pros and cons of change
Evaluate the short- and long-term benefits and costs
Boost self-efficacy through:
Locus of Control
Internal or external
Visualization and Self-talk
Seeing yourself engaging in a new and healthy behavior
Role models and other supportive individuals
Identify and overcome barriers to change
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19. Enhancing Your Readiness to Change
The Transtheoretical, or “stages of change,” model for behavior change:
Stages of Change:
Precontemplation—people do not think they have a problem and have no intention of changing behavior
Contemplation—people know they have a problem and are intending to take action within 6 months
Preparation—people plan to take action within a month
Action—people outwardly modify their behavior and environment
Maintenance—successful behavior change for 6 months or longer
Termination—people are no longer tempted by the behavior which they have changed
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20. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Dealing with Relapse
People seldom travel down the stages of change in a linear, straightforward manner.
Research proves that it may take multiple attempts to change one’s behavior.
4 out of 5 people experience some degree of backsliding
If you experience a lapse or relapse, here are steps to get you back on track:
Forgive yourself
Give yourself credit for your progress you have already made
Move on
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21. Developing Skills for Change: Creating a Personalized Plan
Putting together a plan of action
1. Monitor your behavior and gather data
2. Analyze the data and identify patterns
3. Be “Smart” and set specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time frame-specific goals.
4. Devise a plan of action
Get what you need
Modify your environment
Control related habits
Reward yourself
Involve people around you
Plan for challenges
5. Make a personal contract
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22. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
The Stages of Change: A Spiral Model
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23. Levels of motivation and commitment
Staying with It
Social influences
Levels of motivation and commitment
Choice of techniques and level of effort
Stress barrier
Procrastinating, rationalizing, and blaming
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24. Goal Setting Specific: detailed behavior to achieve
Measurable: must assess progress
Attainable/alterable: make adjustments as needed
Realistic: consider heredity, time, etc…
Time-based: set a date for achievement
Always state goals in a positive way
Try to choose performance-oriented goals

25. Types of Fitness
Skill-related fitness
Health-related fitness 6

26. Physical Activity on a Continuum
Physical activity is movement carried out by the skeletal muscles that requires energy
Exercise refers to planned, structured, and repetitive movement intended to improve or maintain physical fitness
Levels of fitness depend on the following:
Heart’s ability to pump blood
Energy-generating capacity of the cells
Physical activity is essential to health and confers a wide variety of health benefits
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27. Components of Health-related Fitness
There are 5 areas of fitness which help establish health benefits
Health-related fitness helps you withstand physical challenges and protects you from diseases
The 5 components:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility
Body Composition
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28. Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Ability to perform prolonged, large muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity.
Depends on the ability of the lungs to deliver oxygen from the environment to the bloodstream and the efficiency of the heart and nervous system
When cardiorespiratory fitness improves:
The heart pumps more blood per heartbeat
Resting heart rate slows
Blood volume increases
Blood supply to tissue improves
The body can cool itself better
Resting blood pressure decreases
Activities should be continuous, rhythmic movements of large muscle groups.
Cardiorespiratory endurance exercise examples:
Walking
Jogging
Cycling
Aerobic dancing
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29. Muscle Strength and Endurance
Muscular Strength is the amount of force a muscle can produce in a single maximum effort
Muscular Endurance is the ability to resist fatigue and sustain a given level of muscle tension for a given time.
Benefits include:
Increased body mass
Increased metabolism
Increased bone density
Reduced effects of sarcopenia
Improved self-confidence and ability to manage stress
Improved posture and reduction of low back pain
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30. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Flexibility
The ability to move the joints through their full range of motion
Flexibility is affected by many factors such as joint structure, length and elasticity of connective tissue, and nervous system activity.
Flexibility is needed in everyday routines.
Benefits include:
Lowered risk of back injuries
Promotion of good posture and decreased risk of other joint injuries
Reduction in age-related stiffness
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31. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Body Composition
The proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, water) in the body
Healthy body composition is comprised of high levels of fat-free mass and an acceptable low level of body fat.
The relative amount of body fat a person has does have an impact upon overall health and fitness.
Too much body fat could have the following effects:
Heart disease
Insulin resistance
High blood pressure
Stroke
Joint problems
Type II Diabetes
Gallbladder disease
Cancer
Back pain
The best way to lose fat is through exercise and a sensible diet.
© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

32. Skill-Related Components of Fitness
Speed: the ability to perform a movement in a short amount of time.
Power: the ability to exert force rapidly, based on a combination of strength and speed.
Agility: the ability to change the position of the body quickly and accurately.
Balance: the ability to maintain equilibrium while moving or while stationary
Coordination: the ability to perform a motor tasks accurately and smoothly using body movements and the senses.
Reaction and Movement Time: the ability to respond and react quickly to a stimulus.
Skill-related fitness tends to be sport specific and is best
developed through practice
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33. Principles of Physical Training: Adaptation to Stress
The goal of physical training is to produce these long-term changes and improvements in the body’s functioning.
Over time, immediate, short-term adjustments translate into long-term changes and improvements.
These principles include:
Specificity: the training principle that the body adapts to the particular type and amount of stress placed on it.
Progressive overload: the training principle that places increasing amounts of stress on the body causes adaptations that improve fitness (FITT Principle).
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34. Principles of Physical Training: Adaptation to Stress
Reversibility: the training principle that the body will return to its original homeostatic state when amount of physical stress is removed for a specific time.
Individual differences: each individual’s body adapts to the stress differently.
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35. Specificity: Adapting to Type of Training
To develop a particular fitness or skill component, you must perform exercises designed specifically for that component; this is the principle of specificity.
Weight training will develop muscular strength but will not be very effective in improving cardiorespiratory endurance or flexibility.
A well-rounded exercise program includes all components of fitness designed to improve different parts of the body or towards specific sport activities
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36. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Progressive Overload: Adapting to Amount of Training and the FITT Principle
The amount of overload is important since too little will not have much effect upon fitness levels, and too much will increase the likelihood of an injury.
Progression is critical since exercising at the same levels will not provide adaptations and can lead to a plateau.
FITT: a principle for overload
Frequency—How often
Intensity—How hard
Time—How long (duration)
Type—Mode of activity
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37. Reversibility: Adapting to a Reduction in Training
The body adjusts to low levels of activity the same way that it does to higher levels.
Fitness is a reversible adaptation.
If you stop exercising, up to 50% of fitness improvements are lost within 2 months.
Not all fitness improvements are lost within 2 months.
Strength fitness can be maintained as infrequently as once a week compared to cardiovascular or cellular fitness levels.
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38. Designing Your Own Exercise Program
Medical clearance
Men under the age of 40 and women under 50: exercise is probably safe
PAR-Q
Assessing yourself
Assess you fitness level for all 5 health-related fitness components
Set goals
Choose activities for a balanced program
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39. Physical Activity Pyramid
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40. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Health and fitness benefits of different amounts of physical activity and exercise
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41. Guidelines for Training
Train the way you want your body to change
Train regularly
Start slowly and get in shape gradually
Warm up before exercise
Cool down after exercise
Exercise safely
Listen to your body, and get adequate rest
Cycle the volume and intensity of your workouts
Vary your activities
Try training with a partner
Train your mind
Fuel your activity appropriately
Have fun
Track your progress
Keep your exercise program in perspective
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42. Progression of an Exercise Program
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