1. 06-FIRST 2 YEARS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

3. Sensorimotor Intelligence Learned through the senses Circular reaction Sensation – perception – cognition cycle around and around

4. Primary circular reaction Stage 1 ( Reflexes) Birth – 1yr. Responding to own body Grasping Sucking Stepping Stage 2 (Habits) 1 – 4 Months Adapting reflexes to new situations (Acquired adaptation) E.g. Sucking from mom’s nipple to bottle to pacifier A sign baby is thinking

5. Secondary circular reaction Responding to other people & objects Stage 3 (Continuing interaction) 4 – 8 months Making interesting sights last Stage 4 ( Starting interaction) 8 mos. – 1yr. Infant has goals Initiates and anticipates Initiates E.g. Patty-cake Anticipates E.g. Running from an unwanted bath Object permanence

6. Tertiary circular reaction Stage 5 (Acts independently - Experimenting) 1 yr. - 18 mos. Active experimenting “Little scientist” Stage 6 (Thought before action) 18 mos. – 2yrs. Thinks about consequences Deferred imitation

7. Information Processing

8. Affordance ( opportunities) Opportunities to interact with people and things Visual Cliff Based on experience 6 month will go over cliff 10 Month will refuse

9. Perception Movement Dynamic Perception People preference Preference for looking at faces

10. Memory Implicit Hidden Unconscious habits, emotions procedures Early language, smells, places Explicit Stored in the hippocampus Usually verbal Recalled on demand Words, data, concepts Reminders help

11. Language

12. Universal sequence Reflexes, cooing, babbling, spoken words All babies, regardless of native language follow this sequence Listening & Responding Babbling E.g. ma-ma-ma, da-da-da Holophrase One word = phrase E.g. Cookie, Dada! Naming explosion 1 yr. to 18 months Nouns Ma-ma, da-da, na-na Elimination Pee-pee, wee-wee, poo-poo

13. Theories of Language 1. Learning theory 2. Social Pragmatic 3. Innate 4. Hybrid

14. 1. Learning theory Based on B.F. Skinner Reinforcement E.g. Parents talking to children Children learn what they hear

15. 2. Social Pragmatic Needed for communication Parents Outside world

16. 3. Innate Norm Chomsky Children have an inborn ability to learn language E.g. Grammar Hypothesized a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in the brain. Enables universal inborn ability to learn language Language in general is experience-expectant Words are expected by the developing brain Specific language is experience-dependent

17. 4. Hybrid Combination of the other three Multiple cues contribute to learning language