1. Kingdom Protista
Biology 11
S.Dosman

2. Evolution of Protists
Fossils show that protists began appearing about 1.5 billion years ago, more recent than bacteria.
Their evolution involved the development of a membrane bound nucleus and the development of organelles such as ribosomes, lysosomes and mitochondria.
These are the first eukaryotic cells.

3. Basic Characterisitcs
All organisms within kingdom Protista share the following basic characteristics:
Mostly microscopic and unicellular with some colonial or multicellular
All eukaryotic (belong to Domain Eukarya)
Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Mostly aquatic, although some live in soil or inside a host.
A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus.

4. Organization within Protista
Kingdom Protista is divided into three dinctinct groups. While they are not phyla, these divisions are widely accepted.
Animal-like protists
Plant-like protists
Fungus-like protists

5. Animal-like Protists
These organisms are often referred to as protozoans.
They live primarily in aquatic habitats, although some can be found in the soil and the digestive tracts of animals.
Some protozoans are parasitic.
All are unicellular except for one.
All are heterotrophs that ingest their food and perform intracellular digestion.

6. Animal-like Protists
They are divided into phyla based on their method of locomotion.
Zooflagellates: use flagella for motion
Sarcodines: use cytoplasmic extensions (pseudopods) for motion
Ciliates: use cilia for motion
Sporozoans: do not move

7. Zooflagellates
Paramecium
Vorticella

8. Sarcodines
Amoeba
Heliozoan

9. Ciliates
Paramecium
Tetrahymena

10. Sporozoans This photo shows the sporozoan known as a plasmodium.
This species causes malaria and is transferred to a human host via mosquito bites.

11. Plant-like Protists
Organisms in this group contain chloroplasts and are photoautotrophic.
Includes all algae except for the blue –greens.
May be unicellular, multicellular or colonial.
The multicellular marine algae, the seaweeds, are similar to marine plants and may be moved to the plant kingdom.
Almost all are aquatic or they live in very damp terrestrial environments.

12. The Phylums Rhodophyta – red algae Phaeophyta – brown algae
Chlorophyta – green algae
Pyrrophyta – dinoflagellates
Chrysophyta – golden-brown algae and diatoms
Euglenophyta – euglena

13. Algae Bloom- The Red Tide
Brownie mix
Cheese (yellow and orange)
Chocolate milk
Coffee creamer
Cottage cheese
Egg substitute
Evaporated milk
Frozen foods and desserts
Frozen yogurt
Ice cream
Infant formula
Margarine
Mayonnaise
Multiple vitamins
Pet food
Pudding (cooked)
Relishes
Salad dressing
Sauces and gravies
Sour cream
Toothpaste
Whipped topping
Whipping cream
Yogurt
Algae, algae, everywhere….
in your ice cream, in your toothpaste?…

14. Fungi-like Protists
Organisms in this group are unique in that they have both unicellular and multicellular stages.
They are heterotrophic and perform extracellular digestion.
They are decomposers and referred to as slime molds.
The plasmodium is a well known slime mold.

15. Dog vomit slime mold