1. Do not begin a sentence with a coordinating conjunction: f or, a nd, n or, b ut, o r, y et, s o (The “Fan Boys”). This creates weak sentence structure, and a high potential for a fragment or run-on. Always capitalize the first word in a sentence Do not use abbreviations (i.e., &, w/, thru), including contractions (i.e., don’t, won’t, can’t) in formal writing

2.  Do not use slang in formal writing (i.e., She is upset cause she lost her mother; Harrison is gettin scared; A lot of crap is going through his head).  Use “a” before a consonant or consonant sound(i.e., a ball, a used, a year); use “an” before a vowel or vowel sound (i.e., an elephant, an hour)

3.  Begin with a topic sentence, which identifies the subject and comment of the paragraph. ( Prospero is an arrogant character, who takes every opportunity to intimidate those around him, and evokes fear in others.)  In literary analysis, always identify the title of the literary work and the author within the opening of your paragraph. Do not merely label the paragraph. (Prospero, in Shakespeare’s play The Tempest, is an arrogant character.)

4.  In a “meaty” body paragraph or stand-alone paragraph, provide at least three substantive details to support your topic sentence. This may include direct quotes integrated into your text.  Example - Caliban, however, is not the only individual disturbed by Prospero’s behavior. Ariel, the most vulnerable character in the play, despite his impressive abilities, expresses his apprehension when he exclaims, “To the letter.” This means that he is nervous about carrying out all instructions that Prospero gives.

5.  You should not merely end your paragraph without a closing/concluding sentence to reiterate your comment and transition to a new paragraph if part of an essay.  Stand-alone Paragraph - Time and time again, Prospero proves himself as a vain man, who causes apprehension in others.  Essay Paragraph – Time and time again, Prospero proves himself as a vain man, who fosters not only apprehension in others, but also spite as he exacts his revenge.