1. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Formal Methods Model Checking

2. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Model Checking Used in studying behaviors of reactive systems Typically involves three steps: Create a finite state model (FSM) of the system design Specify critical correctness properties Validate the model w/r to the specifications

3. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Create a FSM FSM languages focus on expressing concurrency, synchronization, and communication abstract details of internal computations must be precise and unambiguous (formally defined syntax and semantics) We will use Promela for giving system descriptions

4. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Specify correctness properties Safety properties: Nothing “bad” ever happens Formalized using state invariants  execution never reaches a “bad” state Liveness properties: Something “good” eventually happens Formalized using temporal logic  special logic for describing sequences

5. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Validate the model “Execute” the model to test it simulate executions of the system check satisfaction of safety properties along simulated executions Exhaustive analysis generate reachability graph to verify safety and liveness properties Generate counterexamples to illustrate failures

6. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Home Heating System

7. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Example properties Pump is never on unless Burner is also on Whenever Sensor calls resp-temp(LOW), eventually Controller becomes all-on

8. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Reachability Graph Graph of global states that can be “reached” during execution global state contains a state for each concurrent “process” transitions show how an event or action transforms the global state Analyze global state space to verify safety properties Analyze paths through the RG to verify liveness properties

9. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Promela The system description language of SPIN Designed for modeling data communication protocols System described as a collection of concurrent processes Processes communicate and synchronize via message channels and global variables

10. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Promela Specify macro definitions #define signal 0 Declare symbolic constants mtype = { ON, OFF, LOW, OK } Declare a synchronous message channel chan pump_in = [0] of { mtype }

11. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Promela Create a process instance active proctype pump ( ) { statements } Send a message pump_in!ON Receive a message pump_in?ON

12. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Promela version of HHS

13. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Promela version of HHS

14. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Promela version of HHS

15. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking SPIN simulation of HHS SPIN automatically generates sequence diagrams to represent executions random guided interactive Automates tracing between system views sequence diagram Promela description state diagram textual execution traces

16. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Verification of a safety property Pump is never on unless Burner is also on

17. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Verification of a liveness property Whenever Sensor calls resp-temp(LOW), eventually Controller becomes all-on

18. Cheng/Dillon-Software Engineering: Model Checking Verification of a liveness property