2.  Pain and stiffness in muscular and/or skeletal systems  Arthritis—all rheumatoid diseases affecting joints  Damage to articular cartilage  Results from:  Bacterial/Viral infection  Injury to Joint  Metabolic problems  Severe physical stress

3.  Usually 60+  Wear and tear of joints  Genetic  25% of females and 15% of men in US have this

5.  Inflammatory disease  2.5% of US  Immune system attacks the joints

7.  Exercise  Physical Therapy  Aspirin  All slow the disease

8. Flexion Anterior/Posterior Reduces angle between two objects

10.  Extension  Increase angle between two objects  Head looking straight ahead

12.  Hyperextension  Extension past anatomical position  Ex: Looking at ceiling

14.  Abduction  Away from midline  Adduction  Toward the midline

17.  Circumduction  Arm Circles

19.  Turn around longitudinal axis  Ex: “no” motion

21.  Palm facing front to palm facing backward

23.  Palm turned forward

25.  Inversion  Turn sole inward  Eversion  Turn sole outward

27.  Dorsiflexion  Lift toes upward  Plantar flexion  Point toes

29.  Opposition  Move thumb across palm to other fingers

31.  Protraction  Move body part anteriorly  Retraction  Opposite of protraction

33.  Elevation  Move superiorly  Depression  Move inferiorly

35.  Gliding  Bones slide over one another  Movement slight  Carpal and tarsal bones  Between vertebrae

37.  Hinge Joints  Movement in one plane  Occipital and Atlas (“yes”)  Elbow, Knee

39.  Pivot Joints  Rotation only  Atlas and Axis (“no”)

41.  Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Joint  Move in two planes  Connect fingers to carpals

43.  Saddle Joints  Thumb

45.  Ball and Socket Joints  Can perform all movements  Shoulder, Hip