1. Lecture 5 Title: Networks and Businesses
By: Mr Hashem Alaidaros
MIS 101

2. Main Points Components for large networks IP addresses VoIP
Intranet vs. Extranet vs. Internet
VPN
Cloud Computing: Models
Web 2 & Web 3

3. Large Networks Networks in large companies Components can include:
Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to firmwide corporate network
Various powerful servers
Web site
Corporate intranet, extranet
Backend systems
Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks)
Videoconferencing system
Telephone network ( handle voice data)
Wireless cell phones

4. Corporate Network Infrastructure
Telecommunications and Networking in Today’s Business World
Corporate Network Infrastructure
This graphic illustrates the components of a large company’s network. Note the difference between the wireless LAN, which allows wireless access within the office, and the mobile Wi-Fi network, which allows Internet access to employees outside of offices.

5. IP address
IP address: is an address that identify each computer that connected to a network (or Internet)
Example of IP address:
IP address types:
Private (local)
Public (global)
IP address and Port number

6. Cont. The Future Internet (IPv4 to IPv6)
The IP addresses currently in use, such as are part of a specification called IPv4.
However, given the growth rate of the Internet, there aren’t enough IP addresses in this scheme to last beyond 2013.
IPv6 is a revised addressing convention that will provide over a quadrillion addresses

7. The Domain Name System Figure 7-8
This graphic describes how the domain name system works. Note that the “root” domain is the period that is used before the top-level domain, such as .edu or .com. Give students an example Internet address, such as myserver.myspace.com and ask them what the top, second-, and third-level domains are.
Figure 7-8
The Domain Name System is a hierarchical system with a root domain, top-level domains, second-level domains, and host computers at the third level.

8. Internet Connection What is the Internet? Connecting to the Internet
Internet service providers (ISPs)
Services
DSL, cable, satellite, T lines (T1, T3)
T lines (or leased lines) are leased, dedicated lines suitable for businesses or government agencies requiring high-speed guaranteed service levels.

9. Internet Services Internet services E-mail
Chatting and instant messaging
Newsgroups
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
World Wide Web
Voice over IP (VoIP)
Virtual private networks (VPNs)

10. Client/Server Computing on the Internet
This graphic looks at the services that an Internet server computer can offer: Web sites (HTTP), (SMTP), file transfer (FTP), newsgroups (NNTP). It illustrates where on the path between client and back-end systems these services lie.
Figure 7-10
Client computers running Web browser and other software can access an array of services on servers over the Internet. These services may all run on a single server or on multiple specialized servers.

11. VoIP
What is VoIP?
An VoIP phone call digitizes and breaks up a voice message into data packets that may travel along different routes before being reassembled at the final destination.
A processor nearest the call’s destination, called a gateway, arranges the packets in the proper order and directs them to the telephone number of the receiver or the IP address of the receiving computer.
Skype, acquired by eBay, offers free VoIP worldwide using a peer-to-peer network.

12. The Internet How Voice over IP Works Figure 7-11
This graphic shows how VoIP works. The voice messages are digitized and transported over the Internet in the same packet-switching method as traditional Internet data. It requires special processors called gateways to translate the voice data .
An VoIP phone call digitizes and breaks up a voice message into data packets that may travel along different routes before being reassembled at the final destination. A processor nearest the call’s destination, called a gateway, arranges the packets in the proper order and directs them to the telephone number of the receiver or the IP address of the receiving computer.
An VoIP phone call digitizes and breaks up a voice message into data packets that may travel along different routes before being reassembled at the final destination. A processor nearest the call’s destination, called a gateway, arranges the packets in the proper order and directs them to the telephone number of the receiver or the IP address of the receiving computer.
Figure 7-11

13. Web Terms The World Wide Web
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): Formats documents for display on Web
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Communications standard used for transferring Web pages
Uniform resource locators (URLs): Addresses of Web pages E.g.,
Web servers: Software for locating and managing Web pages
Firewall: a device that sits between an internal network and the Internet, limiting access into and out of a network based on access policies

15. Intranet
Intranets
They are web pages or resources in a network that is not available to the world outside of the Intranet.
Used only be insider employees to gain access to corporate information
The firewall helps to control access between the Intranet and Internet to permit access to the Intranet only to people who are members of the same company or organization. 
It is accessed is via a username and password

16. Extranet
Extranets
An Extranet is actually an Intranet that is partially accessible to authorized outsiders. The actual server (the computer that serves up the web pages) will reside behind a firewall.
Allow authorized vendors and customers access to an internal intranet
Example: Used for collaboration between companies and suppliers.
Example: VPN
The purpose for both Intranets and Extranets are communication tools for easy information sharing within groups.

17. IntErnet
Internet
It is used when users access a web server (website) that doesn’t reside behind a firewall (if it reside behind a firewall, it would be an Extranet).
All the information is accessible.
Important Question: What are the
benefits and the Problems of
Intranet and Extranet?

18. How VPN works
A VPN is used to allow access to certain resources on a network from outside.
When you want to connect to a restricted company resources (files or data) from outside the company:
you connect to your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
then activate a VPN client program on your computer.
The client program then communicates with a VPN server at the company and then verifies your username password (by firewall),
a secure encrypted link is established and you can access the resources you need.

19. VPN

20. Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over the Interne.

21. Cloud Computing Models
Service as a service (SAAS) allows users to run online applications. Off-the-shelf applications are accessed over the Internet. The vendors own the applications and the users pay a fixed subscription fees. Great for generic applications, but not for customized, complex applications for large enterprises.
Platform as a service (PAAS) allows users to create their own cloud applications. Basically, provides an environment and set of tools to allow the creation of new web applications. More risk of vendor lock-in because applications cannot be moved easily between platforms.
Infrastructure as a service (IAAS) allows users to run any applications they want to on cloud hardware of their choice. Existing applications can be run on the vendor’s cloud hardware, potentially replacing a company’s data center infrastructure.

26. Web 2.0
Web 2.0:
Second-generation interactive Internet-based services enabling people to collaborate, share information, and create new services online
Blogs: Chronological, informal Web sites created by individuals using easy-to-use weblog publishing tools
RSS (Really Simple Syndication): Syndicates Web content so aggregator software can pull content for use in another setting or viewing later
Wikis: Collaborative Web sites where visitors can add, delete, or modify content on the site

27. Web 3.0 Web 3.0 Current efforts to make using Web more productive
Inefficiency of current search engines: Of 330 million search engine queries daily, how many are fruitful?
Semantic Web
Collaborative effort to add layer of meaning on top of Web, to reduce the amount of human involvement in searching for and processing Web information