1. MDGs: Progress & Challenges in Bhutan Kunzang Norbu Planning Commission

2. Millennium Development Goals
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

3. Goal 1 (a): Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger/Malnutrition
TARGET
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day
Indicators
1990
2000
2003
2015
Status of
Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Proportion of population living below national poverty line (%) -
36.3%
31.7%
20%
On track
Strong
The Human Poverty Index
(HPI-1)
33.34 33
Insufficient data
Source: Pilot HIES 2000, PAR 2004

4. Goal 1 (a): Challenges Pro-poor growth
sectors like agriculture need to grow more rapidly and gain increased productivity
Balanced regional development
equitable access to social services, infrastructure and market opportunities
Weakness in poverty data collection, monitoring and evaluation

5. Goal 1(b): Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
TARGET
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from
hunger
Indicators
1990
2000
2003
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Percentage of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (2,124 Kcal) -
3.8%
1.9%
Insufficient data
Strong
Percentage of under-weight under-five children 38
(1989)
19%
Achieved
Good
Percentage of under height under-five children
56%
40%
28%
On track
Source: PAR 2004, BLSS 2003

6. Goal 1 (b): Challenges
Achieving Food Security in the light of significant agriculture constraints
Factors of low productivity, limited arable land and small land holdings
Nutrition of women and children – pregnant women and anemia. Poor nutritional practices

7. Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
TARGET
Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere , boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
Indicators
1990
2000
2004
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Gross Primary Enrollment Rate
55%
72%
84%
100%
On track
Strong
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5
73%
91%
94%
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 7
35%
81%
86%
Source: General Statistics, MoE, RGoB

8. Goal 2: Challenges
Enhancing outreach of primary education to children in rural and remote communities
Disparities in educational enrollments and attainment between urban and rural areas
Retention of children and reducing early school drop outs

9. Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
TARGET
Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and to all levels of education no later than 2015
Indicators
1990
2000
2004
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Ratio of girls to boys in primary schools (%) 69
(1991) 82 95
100
On track
Strong
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary schools (%) 43 78 96
Ratio of females to males in tertiary institutes (%) 12 41 53
Needs attention
Good
Source: General Statistics, Ministry of Education, 2004, 2000, 1991

10. Goal 3: Challenges
Ensuring higher levels of female enrollment in tertiary education levels including vocational training
Raising the Low levels of female adult literacy which have been assessed at half of men
Promoting women’s fuller engagement in the economic and political life

11. Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
TARGET
Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
Indicators
1990
2000
2004
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Under-Five mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births)
123 84 - 41
On track
Strong
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) 90
60.5 30
Proportion of Children covered under immunization programme
84%
85%
90%
(with card)
>95%
Source: NHS, 1990, 1994, 2000, Bhutan National EPI Coverage Evaluation Survey 2002.

12. Goal 4: Challenges
Improving access, utilization and quality of child health care services in rural communities

13. Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
TARGET
Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
Indicators
1990
2000
2003
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Maternal mortality rate
(per 100,000 live births)
560
255 -
140
On track
Strong
Delivery by skilled health personnel (%)
15%
24%
32%
100%
Needs attention
Good
Source: NHS, 1990, 1994, 2000 Annual Health Bulletins 2003

14. Goal 5: Challenges
Shortage of human resources and lack of obstetric equipment & facilities
Dispersed & isolated nature of settlements
Cultural and awareness barriers that inhibit utilization of maternal health services

15. Goal 6(a): Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases
TARGET
Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Indicators
1990
2000
2004
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
HIV cases detected 38 72
(Feb 2005) -
Insufficient
data
Strong
Contraception Prevalence Rate
18.8%
(1994)
30.7%
60%
(national target)
Unlikely
Good
Source: NHS, 1990, 1994, 2000 Annual Health Bulletins 2003

16. Goal 6 (a): Challenges Lacking a national policy framework on HIV/AIDS
Low condom usage
Shortage of trained and qualified personnel in the treatment and care of HIV/AIDS

17. Goal 6(b): Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases
TARGET :
Halt and begin to reverse the spread of Malaria and Other Major Diseases
Indicators
1990
2000
2004
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
No of malaria cases [cases per 100,000]
22,126
(1991)
[3,687 per 100,000]
5,935
2,760
[366 per 100,000] -
Potentially
Strong
Tuberculosis incidence
[ cases per 100,000]
720
168
133
Source: NHS, 1990, 1994, 2000 Annual Health Bulletins 2003

18. Goal 6 (b): Challenges Malaria- Control of border malaria
Dengue and JE outbreak risks
Inaccessibility of large tracts of mosquito breeding grounds due to dense vegetation and forests

19. Goal 6 (b): Challenges Tuberculosis- To reduce TB related diseases
Low case detection rate
Lack and shortage of human other resources

20. Goal 7 (a): Ensure Environmental Sustainability
TARGET
Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources
Indicators
1990
2000
2003
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Proportion of land area covered by forest
72.5% -
On track
Strong
Ratio of protected area to surface area for maintaining biological diversity
23%
26%
29%
CO2 (per capita)
Emissions
- 5.89
tons
(1994)
Proportion of
population using solid
fuels(i.e.wood, charcoal, dung )
75%
70%
Insufficient data
Source: State of the Environment 2001,

21. Goal 7 (a): Challenges Land degradation Biodiversity Loss
Urban environmental degradation

22. Goal 7(b): Ensure Environmental Sustainability
TARGET
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation
Indicators
1990
2000
2003
2015
Status of
Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Proportion of Population without sustainable access to an improved water source
55%
22%
16%
27.5%
Achieved
Strong
Proportion of Population without access to improved sanitation
33%
12%
7.4%
(of HHs)
17.5%
Source: BLSS 2003, PAR 2004, CSO Statistical Yearbooks

23. Goal 7(b):Challenges
Coverage and quality levels for water and sanitation in rural areas
Distance from water source
To adapt alternative

24. Goal 8 (a): Develop a Global Partnership for Development
TARGET
In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth
Indicators
1990
2000
2004
2015
Status of
Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Unemployment rate (15-24) -
1.4%
(1998)
2.5%
Insufficient data
Strong
Source: NLFS, 1998, 2004

25. Goal 8 (b): Develop a Global Partnership for Development
TARGET
In cooperation with the private sector make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communication technology
Indicators
1990
2000
2004
2015
Status of Progress
State of Supportive Environment
Fixed Telephone Lines in Service
4,052
16,580
30,420 -
On track
Strong
Telephone density
(per 100 persons)
0.68
2.4 4
Computers in use
( per 100 persons)
0.58
(2001)
1.0
Internet users
0.43
Source: National Statistical Bureau, 1990,2000,2003, ICT Annual Report , ICT Survey 2001

26. Goal 8 (b): Challenges
Financial sustainability of Rural Telecom services
Appropriate technology that is cost effective
Shortage of skilled human resources in ICT

27. Concluding Remarks
Meeting the MDGs will be challenging but potentially achievable.
In 2006/2007, Planning Commission coordinated MDG Needs Assessment exercise involving all stakeholders with UNDP and RCC’s technical guidance and support
The Needs Assessment Report is being finalized
There is opportunity to mainstream the MDG concerns into the 10th Plan
Thank You.