2. **A MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIA
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
**A MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIA
TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS WITH THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION IN 1787; ORIGINALLY PLANNED TO REVISE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, HOWEVER, IT WAS QUICKLY DECIDED TO REPLACE IT. **
Problems
1. National security
2. Stabilize the economy
3. Pay war debt
4. Define authority of
federal government

3. PHILADELPHIA
**55 delegates met in absolute secrecy in Philadelphia during the summer of 1787.**
**They met in Independence Hall.**
On average there were about 30 delegates in attendance every day. Met from 10 am-3 pm each day. 12 of 13 states represented—only Rhode Island was not.
**James Madison was the only delegate to never miss a day. He wrote notes from each session.**

4. “Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States”
Howard Chandler Christy, 1940

5. (PRESIDING OFFICER)**
**GEORGE
WASHINGTON
(PRESIDING OFFICER)**
ALEXANDER
HAMILTON
**JAMES
MADISON
“FATHER
OF THE
CONSTITUTION”**
BEN FRANKLIN

6. THOMAS JEFFERSON, JOHN ADAMS, THOMAS PAINE, JOHN HANCOCK
& PATRICK HENRY DID NOT ATTEND

7. What influenced the
Founding Fathers?

8. **State Constitutions**
ALL 13 STATES HAD A CONSTITUTION – USED AS A MODEL FOR FEDERAL GOVT.
POWER OF GOVT. SEPARATED BETWEEN EQUAL BRANCHES
(LEGISLATURE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL)
BILL OF RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS

9. **ANCIENT GREEKS & ROMANS (DEMOCRACY & REPUBLIC)**
**THE MAGNA CARTA: LIMITS POWER OF KING**
**ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS: LISTED INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS**
JOHN LOCKE “LIFE, LIBERTY, & PROPERTY”
MONTESQUIEU: SEPARATION OF POWERS
**MAYFLOWER COMPACT (SELF-GOVERNMENT & MAJORITY RULE), VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS, & THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE**

10. **Virginia Plan**(entire slide)
Proposed by large states, Madison’s plan
Lawmaking body:
Bicameral (2 Houses)
Based on Population Size
Elected by the 1st house
Elected by the people
# of Congressmen determined by state population

11. **New Jersey Plan**(entire slide)
Supported by smaller states
Lawmaking body:
Unicameral (1 House)
Each state would have the same number of Representatives or votes
Based on Equality

12. The Great Compromise**(entire slide)
This was a combination of both plans & a peaceful resolution…
Lawmaking body: Bicameral Congress (2 Houses)
Senate
House of Representatives
Each state gets 2 representatives, equal for all states
# of reps. would depend on populations

13. SOUTH “YES” – NORTH – “NO”
SHOULD SLAVES BE COUNTED WHEN DETERMINING THE POPULATION FOR REPRESENTATION AND TAXATION PURPOSES?
SOUTH “YES” – NORTH – “NO”
**SLAVES WOULD BE COUNTED AS
3/5 OF A PERSON WHEN DETERMINING REPRESENTATION IN THE LEGISLATURE.**
2. SLAVE TRADE FROM AFRICA MUST
END BY 1807

14. Summary--Discussion
How did compromise result in a peaceful solution during the Constitutional Convention?

16. **Separation of Powers** (entire slide)
( How the Government will be organized )
3 Branches
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Court System
(for life)
President
(4 years)
House of Reps (2 years)
Senate (6 years) =
Congress makes laws
Carries out laws
Interpret the laws

17. Court System in the U.S.

18. Amendments
**Before any of the states would sign the Constitution, the delegates wanted a way to amend the Constitution in order for it to grow with the times and the country.**
Bill of Rights
1st Amendment
2nd Amendment
3rd Amendment …

19. Amending the Constitution

20. Signing the Constitution
39 delegates signed
before leaving
Philadelphia. Each
state planned to have
its own convention to
vote on the adoption.
**Nine states were needed to ratify the Constitution.**
December 7, 1787

21. FEDERALISTS: SUPPORTED THE
RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARGUED FOR A STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WITH RESTRICTED POWERS
WROTE
FEDERALIST
PAPERS
Written by: Hamilton, Madison,
& Jay,
Published anonymously
**entire slide**

22. LACKED PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS– FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
**ANTI-FEDERALISTS: DID NOT SUPPORT THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARGUED THAT STATES SHOULD REMAIN POWERFUL OVER KEY ISSUES, HAD GREAT DESIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES**
LACKED PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS–
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
TOO POWERFUL WITHOUT THIS!
**Leaders: Patrick Henry (“smelt a rat”, did not attend) &
George Mason (Leader of Anti-Federalists)**

23. Ratification Go USA!! **June 21, 1788
New Hampshire, the 9th state signed the constitution putting into effect the new government.**
There were still states that had not ratified. This threatened the outcome of the new government.
The four remaining states signed by May of 1790!
Go USA!!

24. Branches of Govt. Quick Activity
hes_game.html

25. Principles of the Constitution
Popular sovereignty
Republicanism
Limited Government
Federalism
Checks & Balances
Individual Rights
Separation of Powers