1. Mobile Positioning E-911 & LBS
Bikash Saha
EUS HUB Manager (MPS/LBS) 1

2. Agenda Drivers E-911 Mandate MPS for GSM Ericsson Solution
Positioning Technologies
Architecture
Ericsson Solution
Roadmap
Design and Verification Procedure
Why Ericsson MPS

3. Drivers

4. USA’s FCC Regulation: E-911 Ph2
Wireless Internet

5. E-911 Mandate

6. Phase II Accuracy Standards
For Handset-Based Solutions:
50 meters for 67 percent of Calls
150 meters for 95 percent of calls
For Network-Based Solutions:
100 meters for 67 percent of calls
300 meters for 95 percent of calls 6

7. Recent FCC Actions Request for Relief
Over the past few years, carriers have been asserting the need for relief from E-911 rules
FCC set forth standard for carriers seeking relief:
Plan that is specific, focused, and limited in scope
As close as possible to full compliance
Clear path to full compliance 6

8. Recent FCC Actions Approval of Compliance Plans
10/5/01: FCC approved, with conditions and modifications, revised implementation plans of five nationwide wireless carrier
Nextel, Sprint, Verizon and GSM portion of AT&T Wireless and Cingular networks
Sixth nationwide carrier VoiceStream had their plan approved year before
Plans contain specific schedules and benchmark
Quarterly reports required to monitor compliance
Move to enforcement mode 6

9. Points of Concern
Delay in reaching interim benchmarks towards full compliance.
Some uncertainty about manufacturers producing necessary equipment in timely fashion.
ILEC issues.
Funding for PSAPs.
Still a long road before end-to-end systems are operational throughout the country. 6

10. Going forward
The tragedies of September 11 give a new sense of urgency to the rollout of wireless E911. More than ever, mobiles phone have become indispensable tools for calling for help and for delivering help.
The future of location technology is strong
As deployment proceeds, technology and system-wide performance will improve.
Customers increasingly will insist on having it available (like air bags and seatbelts in cars).
Commercial location-based services will add to customer value and carrier revenue
But to get to the future, those involved-- including the FCC-- will have to redouble efforts to see that the promise of this life saving technology is fulfilled 6

11. Mobile Positioning System (MPS)

12. Mobile Positioning System Overview -GSM
Yellow
Pages
E-OTD
WAP
PSAP
O/M Center
Billing Center
Customer Administration Center
Mobile
Network
AGPS
Internet
API
MPC
Cell/Sector ID/Timing
Advance

13. E-911 Phase 2 CAS Push Wireless Emergency Call - GSM
ALI DB
ESME
ESNE
S/R
LEC
MSC
Ai, Di
PSAP
Gateway
MLC
BSSMAP Complete Layer 3
[CM Service Request]
BSSMAP Perform Location Ack
BSSMAP Perform Location
BSS
Serving
MLC
SMLC determines the positioning
method and instigates the messages
for the specific positioning method
BSSMAP Perform Location
BSSMAP Perform Location Ack MS
Call Setup IAM [CgPN = callback#, GDP=ESRD, CGL=lat/long
CM Service Request

14. E-911 Phase 2 NCAS Pull Wireless Emergency Call - GSM
Initial position already available in GMLC
ALI DB
ESME
ESNE
S/R
LEC
MSC
Ai, Di
PSAP
Gateway
MLC
BSSMAP Complete Layer 3
[CM Service Request]
BSSMAP Perform Location Ack
BSSMAP Perform Location
MAP Subscriber Location Report
MAP Subscriber Location Report Ack
BSS
Serving
MLC
SMLC determines the positioning
method and instigates the messages
for the specific positioning method
BSSMAP Perform Location
MAP Subscriber Location Report
[MSISDN, IMSI, MSC address, ESRD, ESRK, CALL RELEASE]
MAP Subscriber Location Report Ack
ESPOSREQ [callback# or ESRK, INITIAL]
BSSMAP Perform Location Ack
esposreq [initial lat/long] MS
Call Setup
CM Service Request
Call Release

15. Mobile Positioning System - GSM

16. GSM LCS Architecture SMLC SMLC LMU Type A Lp Um Lb(BSS) Ls(NSS) Lh Um
HLR
Ls(NSS) Lh Um
Abis A Lg Le MS
BTS/ LMU B
BSC
MSC/ VLR
External LCS Client
Gateway MLC
Abis Lg
Other PLMN
GMLC
LMU Type B

17. Positioning Methods in GSM
Cell- ID and Timing Advance (CGI+TA)
Network based method
Network Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
Terminal based method
Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)
Uplink Time-Of-Arrival (UL-TOA) 1

18. Cell-ID and Timing Advance
Based on existing CGI and TA
Default/Fallback Positioning Method
Used to assist other positioning mechanisms
Accuracy depends on cell size and MS distance from cell 2

19. information is collected by the MS
E-OTD
LMU
Uses network of satellites to provide TOA-based localization at MS
Measurement unit measures the TOA of at least four satellites
GPS receiver added to MS measures distance using the travel time of signal from satellites
A TDOA calculation determines triangulated location
Time of Arrival
information is collected by the MS

20. E-OTD Real Time Difference information is collected by the LMU
Uses network of satellites to provide TOA-based localization at MS
Measurement unit measures the TOA of at least four satellites
GPS receiver added to MS measures distance using the travel time of signal from satellites
A TDOA calculation determines triangulated location
Observed Time Difference(OTD)
information is collected by the MS

21. E-OTD Real Time Difference information is collected by the LMU
OTD and RTD information is transmitted to the network
Uses network of satellites to provide TOA-based localization at MS
Measurement unit measures the TOA of at least four satellites
GPS receiver added to MS measures distance using the travel time of signal from satellites
A TDOA calculation determines triangulated location
PLMN
Observed Time Difference (OTD)
information is collected by the MS

22. E-OTD MAIN CHARACTERISTICS+ -
Only small software modifications in the MS needed
Utilises existing capabilities of the GSM network
Accuracy between 50 and 300 m
LMUs have to be placed between every 1-3 base stations
Cost of network upgrade

23. A-GPS
GPS Assist information collected by the network
PLMN

24. A-GPS PLMN GPS Assist information collected by the network
Network assist information is transmitted to the MS
PLMN

25. A-GPS PLMN GPS Assist information collected by the network
Network assist information is transmitted to the MS
GPS position fix is determined by the MS (with network assistance)
PLMN

26. A-GPS PLMN GPS Assist information collected by the network
Network assist information is transmitted to the MS
GPS position information is transmitted to the network
GPS position fix is determined by the MS (with network assistance)
PLMN

27. Assisted GPS variants MS based GPS MS assisted GPS
Give full assistance data to MS
Perform Position calculation in MS
Greater MS complexity
MS assisted GPS
Provide limited assistance data
Return TDOA values
Perform Position calculation in the network
More signaling, no stand-alone position 6

28. A-GPS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS+ -
Lower power consumption than GPS
Fast Time-To-First-Fix (TFF)
Accuracy down to 10m
Allows for navigation
Limited indoor coverage (GPS has no indoor coverage)
Fall back solutions in comparison to GPS
Additional HW +SW in the MS
A few DGPS reference receivers needed

29. GSM POSITIONING METHODS - RELATIVE ACCURACIES
GPS
A-GPS
CGI+TA
CGI.
E-OTD
Rural
Sub-urban
Urban
City
Indoor 1 3 10 30
100
300 1K 3K
10K
30K
Accuracy (meters)

30. SERVICE DESCRIPTON
GMLC
PLMN MS
MO-LR
MT-LR
NI-LR
MT-LR Mobile Terminating Location Request
MO-LR Mobile Originating Location Request
NI-LR Network Induced Location Request

31. EXAMPLES OF SERVICES Navigation Real time advertisment
Radio Network Planning
E911, E112
Dynamic call routing
Home Zone Billing
Information
Tracking
Games
FriendFinder
BikeFinder
BrandFinder
MO-LR
NI-LR
MT-LR

32. Positioning Methods in UMTS
Cell Id
Cell Id + RTT (Round Trip Time)
OTDOA with/without IPDL
Assisted GPS 4

33. Ericsson Solution

34. MPS-G 5.0 Full October, 2002 GSM R9.1 MPS-G Roadmap MPS-G 5 Lite
E-OTD /// LMUs
Type A and Type B
Single
Cell TA
A-GPS
MPS-G 5.0 Full
October, 2002
GSM R9.1
MPS-G Roadmap
MPS-G 5 Lite
E-OTD /// LMUs
Type A
Single
Cell TA
GA Q2 02
GSM R9.0
Single
Cell TA
Ericsson
Networks
MPS-G 3.0
In Service
GSM R8.0
MPS-G 4.0
Single
Cell TA/ATI
GSM 98/99
Compliant
BSS-Centric
GA Q1 02
GSM R9.0 18

35. Design and Verification Procedure

36. Summary of Network Impacts on Positioning Accuracy
Timing delays due to multipath and distributed components
Cell size versus accuracy targets and traffic distribution
Relative base station location and MS-BTS location
BCCH and BSIC planning and adequate C/I(MS & LMU)
Neighbor definitions and positioning considerations
Mobile Station assistance Data

37. System Prerequisites for E-OTD
Each cell seen by at least 1 LMU
RXLev at LMU Antenna connector >= -110 dBm
C/I at LMU >= 10 dB
C/A (200 kHz) >= -8 dB
C/A (400 kHz) >= -41 dB
Mean excess delay for LMU is assumed to be 0.15 s
GDOP between 1 and 1.5
BTS coordinates known in three dimensions within 5-10 m

38. Network Recommendations to Meet Positioning Accuracy Targets
Actions will be investigated in order increasing cost and complexity.
BSIC Replanning
BCCH Frequency Plan Retune
Changes to Certain RN Features (HCS, Cell Load Sharing, etc.)
Modifications to existing sites (antennas, output power, etc.)
Site Additions in Certain Areas

39. Core Network Design - GMPC and SMPC Dimensioning
Other
PLMN Lb
GMPC
External LCS client
SMPC
MSC/
VLR
HLR
BSC A
Type A
Abis
Type B
RBS
LMU Lg Ls Lh

40. Design and Verification Process
INPUT
Carrier Input
Site Survey, Evaluation & Measurements
DESIGN
3rd Best Serving Site
Coverage Analysis
GDOP Analysis
LMU BTS List
Initial LMU Design and Required Network Changes
Implementation of Network Changes
[Carrier Responsibility]
Update of LMU Design
LMU-A/BTS SMS Dimensioning
G/SMPC Dimensioning
Parameter Settings Preparation

41. Design and Verification Process (cont’d)
Installation and Integration of Equipment
VERIFICATION
Positioning Verification
Installation and Integration of Additional Equipment
[If Necessary]
Positioning Re-Verification
[If Necessary}
Verification Report
Not part of design or verification process
Involves field work
Analysis activities
Design and dimensioning activities
Acceptance

42. Why Ericsson MPS

43. ! End-to-end solution Network Applications Consulting / Integration
Devices /
Design &
Verification
MPC
Systems
Terminals
and Content !

44. MPS references 26 commercial contracts already signed (As of today))
4 contracts signed in US from 3 major operators for MPS solution both in
GSM (GMPC, SMPC/PDE, LMU-A/B and SW upgrade for the other nodes in Core network as well as access network) &
TDMA
~5 trials
~3 Letters of Intent
The specified operators are official. 1 1

45. Complete Solutions from Ericsson
Location Technology & Roadmap
Mobile Positioning System (TDMA, GSM, UMTS)
Basic and high location accuracy
Roadmap for the future
Presence in all LCS standard activities
Location Based Applications
Ericsson together with Partners
Service Enabling Products
WAP Gateway, Middleware, WAP Application Server, etc.
Services
Design & Verification
Integration, installation, training etc.
Branding, pricing, etc.