1. Space Exploration Past, Present, Future

2. Space Exploration Composition: What an object is made up of Solar radiation: Radiation from the sun Probes: Explores the solar system International Space Station: A manmade satellite that orbits the earth, is a science lab, and where astronauts live Hubble telescope: Used to observe stars, solar system, and other galaxies Chandra X-ray Observatory: Obtains X-ray images of exotic space environments Fermi-Gamma-ray Telescope: Observes stars bursting because stars mainly give off gamma rays

3. Space Exploration Space Exploration Think-Pair-Share… How has space exploration helped our world in general?

4. Space Exploration The Big Picture Space exploration is still in early stages. Although we have learned a lot, we still have a lot of questions. The cost of space exploration mandates that we work together with other countries. Example: International Space Station (ISS)

5. International Space Station Known as ISS A combined effort of 15 different c Astronauts to live there for months Conduct research that cannot be done on Earth

6. Interesting ISS Facts Interesting ISS Facts The size of a football field Weighs 924,739 pounds. Has more livable room than a conventional six-bedroom house with 2 bathrooms, a gymnasium and a 360-degree bay window.

7. NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Accomplishments: First to land someone on the moon Invented the space shuttle Developed many products for space that we now use as everyday products Example: Velcro

8. Space Exploration History The space age began on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. The Soviets also achieved the first piloted space flight on April 12, 1961. The first cosmonaut was Yuri Gagarin. He orbited Earth in a ship named Vostok. I got this…

9. Let’s Go to the Moon Apollo 8 orbited the moon 10 times and returned to Earth safely on December 21, 1968 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed Apollo 11 on the moon on July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the moon. The laptops in our classroom are more powerful than the computers used to run the Apollo program!

10. Space Shuttles A space shuttle is a reusable space craft. First used in 1981. Able to land on an ordinary airfield. Two shuttle tragedies in 1987 and 2003. Shuttles replaced the previous method of space flight – Rockets and capsules.

11. The Space Race and Cold War Our ability to achieve our space goals became an indicator of our status as a great nation, and the Soviets were our top competitors. This occurred during a time in our history known as the Cold War. This was a time when our relationship with the Soviets was, well, cold. The intense rivalry between our two countries led us to some amazing accomplishments. Khrushchev & Kennedy

12. Space Instruments

13. Space Probes Sputnik Explorer 1 Spacecraft that drops into a planet’s atmosphere No astronauts onboard Collects information and sends it back to scientists on Earth Example: Voyager – 36 years old

14. Voyager NASA's Voyager 1: 1 st human-made object to travel beyond the solar system About 12 billion miles from our sun. Traveled beyond Neptune into interstellar space

15. Probes Vs. Human Pilots Probes can make space flight cheaper, safer, and faster. Human pilots can make decisions when things don’t go as planned.

16. Hubble Telescope Hubble Telescope Orbits Earth and focuses on distant objects within our solar system and Universe. Collect electromagnetic (light) radiation Allows us to see far away objects in space 1 st telescope invented over 400 years ago Hubble Telescope (estimated Earth to be 13.5 billion years old

18. Chandra X-ray Observatory: NASAs newest space telescope, the Chandra X- ray Observatory, will allow scientists from around the world to obtain extraordinary X- ray images and variety of violent, high-temperature events and objects to help us better understand the structure and development of our universe.

20. Fermi-Gamma-ray Telescope: Fermi GBM burst monitors, which are sudden, brief flashes of gamma rays that occur about once a day at random positions in the sky. Fermi data gives information about gamma-rays and possibly black holes

21. NASA discoveries has allowed us to have ….. Microwaves Hand held calculators Bar Coding Technology that was developed for astronauts and space exploration BUT now benefits us on Earth! Medical/ Future research Materials Transportation

22. The Future Exploration at greater distances Extended stays Humans need to be ready and educated for the space travel of the future

23. Some Difficulties Include Radiation exposure Lunar dust Food and Nutrition Exercise Differing levels of pressure, atmosphere composition, and gravity Sleep loss Risk of bone fracture Reduced muscle mass Reduced aerobic capacity Mental disorders arising from extreme, confined, and isolated conditions

24. We Are Curious …and so we study space. Things that we need to know about space exploration include: Rockets Artificial satellites Space probes Space stations Space shuttles Remote sensoring devices Space suits Radar Computers Fuel sources Landing modules Materials that can survive heat and pressure Solar panels Living quarters Biomedical equipment Air purification devices Telescopes And many more…