1. Properties of Logarithms They’re in Section 3.4a

2. Proof of a Prop ‘o Logs Letand In exponential form: Let’s start with the product of R and S: A Prop ‘o Logs!!!

3. Properties of Logarithms Let b, R, and S be positive real numbers with b = 1, and c any real number. Product Rule: Quotient Rule: Power Rule:

4. Guided Practice Assuming x and y are positive, use properties of logarithms to write the given expression as a sum of logarithms or multiples of logarithms.

5. Assuming x is positive, use properties of logarithms to write the given expression as a sum or difference of logarithms or multiples of logarithms.

6. Assuming x and y are positive, use properties of logarithms to write the given expression as a single logarithm.

7. Of the eight relationships suggested here, four are true and four are false (using values of x within the domains of both sides of the equations). Thinking about the properties of logarithms, make a prediction about the truth of each statement. Then test each with some specific numerical values for x. Finally, compare the graphs of the two sides of the equation. 1. 3. 5. 7. 2. 4. 6. 8. These four statements are TRUE!!!

8. A few more problems… Assuming x and y are positive, use properties of logarithms to write the expression as a sum or difference of logarithms or multiples of logarithms.

9. And still a few more problems… Assuming x, y, and z are positive, use properties of logarithms to write the expression as a single logarithm.

10. Whiteboard… Write as a single logarithmic expression:

11. Let’s do an exploration… How do we evaluate ? First, switch to exponential form. Apply ln to both sides. Use the power rule. Set equal to y: Divide by ln4. We just proved the C.O.B.!!!

12. Change-of-Base Formula for Logarithms For positive real numbers a, b, and x with a = 1 and b = 1, Because of our calculators, the two most common forms:

13. Guided Practice Evaluate each of the following. 1. 2. 3.

14. Guided Practice Write the given expression using only natural logarithms. 1. 2.

15. Guided Practice Write the given expression using only common logarithms. 1. 2.

16. Graphs of Logarithmic Functions with Base b Rewrite the given function using the change-of-base formula.  Every logarithmic function is a constant multiple of the natural logarithmic function!!! If b > 1, the graph of g(x) is a vertical stretch or shrink of the graph of the natural log function by a factor of 1/(ln b). If 0 < b < 1, a reflection across the x-axis is required as well.

17. More Guided Practice Describe how to transform the graph of the natural logarithm function into the graph of the given function. Sketch the graph by hand and support your answer with a grapher. 1. Vertical shrink by a factor of approximately 0.621. How does the graph look???

18. More Guided Practice Describe how to transform the graph of the natural logarithm function into the graph of the given function. Sketch the graph by hand and support your answer with a grapher. 2. Reflect across x-axis, Vertical shrink by a factor of 0.721 How does the graph look???