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2. How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis
How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? Are they haploid or diploid?
Two diploid cells

3. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase

4. How many chromosomes do humans have in their body cells?
46 or 23 pairs

5. When does a cell copy its DNA? Be specific.
S-phase of interphase

6. What kind of cells are made from mitosis?
Somatic (body) cells

7. What happens when the cell cycle is not regulated (out of control)?
Cancer

8. What is the term used to describe a cell that has TWO sets of chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad)?
Diploid (2n)

9. What is the term used to describe cells that have just ONE set of chromosomes?
Haploid (n)

10. Name the phases of mitosis in order.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

11. During which phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into chromosomes?
prophase

12. During which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart?
anaphase

13. What is the process when the parent cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells?
cytokinesis

14. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to reappear?
Telophase

15. What is the phase where cell growth occurs?
G1 and G2 of interphase

16. What is the process in which gametes are produced?
Meiosis

17. What phase is represented by the picture?
Prophase

18. What phase is represented in the picture?
Metaphase

19. What phase is represented in the picture?
Anaphase

20. What phase is represented by the picture?
Telophase

21. How many cell divisions are involved in meiosis?2

22. What are the organelles that produce spindle fibers?
Centrioles

23. When does the process of crossing-over occur?
Prophase 1

24. Why does crossing-over occur?
To increase genetic diversity

25. During what process of meiosis do homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
Metaphase 1

26. At the end of meiosis 1 how many cells are produced?2

27. During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids pulled apart?
Anaphase 2

28. During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes get separated?
Anaphase 1

29. If a cell begins meiosis with 34 chromosomes, how many will the resulting four cells have?17

30. A picture of an organism’s chromosomes in a mitotic cell
What is a karyotype?
A picture of an organism’s chromosomes in a mitotic cell

31. What are all chromosomes besides sex chromosomes referred to as?
Autosomes

32. What are a male’s sex chromosomes?XY

33. What are a female’s sex chromosomes?XX

34. What two things can be determine by analyzing a karyotype?
Gender and genetic disorders

35. What is the structure that holds sister chromatids together?
Centromere

36. What genetic disorder is shown in this karyotype?
Down Syndrome

37. What is Turner Syndrome?
When a female is missing one of her X chromosomes

38. What is Klinefelter Syndrome?
When a male has an extra X chromosome

39. If an organisms diploid cells have 30 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be in it’s sex cell?15

40. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase

41. What is the longest phase of mitosis?
Prophase

42. What is spermatogenesis?
The production of sperm cells

43. The production of egg cells
What is oogenesis?
The production of egg cells

44. What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce more body cells

45. What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce sex cells

46. Describe cytokinesis in plant cells.
Cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei

47. What phase of meiosis does the picture represent?
Anaphase 1

48. What phase of meiosis does the picture represent?
Metaphase 1

49. How many cells are produced from meiosis? Are they haploid or diploid?
Four haploid cells

50. What phase of meiosis is represented in the picture?
Telophase 2