1. Chapter 4: Modern Genetics Review

2. An example of a trait that has multiple alleles.

3. blood types

4. If a person has the combination of alleles O and B what would their blood type be?

5. B blood type

6. Skin color and height are traits that show a large number of different phenotypes because they are controlled by _________.

7. many genes (polygenic inheritance)

8. The effects of genes are often changed by an organism’s ____________.

9. environment

10. The body cells contain _____ chromosomes.

11. 46

12. The sex cells contain ___ chromosomes.

13. 23

14. The two sex chromosomes carried by a male are _____.

15. XY

16. The two sex chromosomes carried by a female are ____.

17. XX

18. Genes carried on the X or Y chromosomes are called _________.

19. sex-linked genes

20. An example of a condition that is sex- linked is ______.

21. Hemophilia or color-blindness

22. Sex-linked traits occur more often in ______, because they carry only one X chromosome.

23. males

24. A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait is called a ________.

25. pedigree

26. In a pedigree chart a square is a symbol for a _____.

27. male

28. A half-shaded circle on a pedigree chart would indicate a _________.

29. carrier female

30. An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes is a __________.

31. genetic disorder

32. A genetic disorder in which a person’s blood clots very slowly or not at all is called ______.

33. hemophilia

34. People with an extra copy of chromosome 21 have a disorder called _________.

35. Down syndrome

36. A person who has difficulty distinguishing between the colors red and green has the sex-linked trait called ________.

37. colorblindness

38. A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell is called a _________.

39. karyotype

40. Professionals who help couples understand their chances of having a child with a particular disorder are called _________

41. genetic counselors

42. A procedure in which fluid from a developing baby is removed to test for genetic disorders is called ________.

43. amniocentesis

44. A genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus is called __________.

45. cystic fibrosis

46. In _______, breeders cross two genetically different individuals.

47. hybridization

48. A _____ is an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.

49. clone

50. Inserting working copies of a gene directly into cells of a person with a genetic disorder is referred to as _______.

51. gene therapy

52. The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation is called _________.

53. selective breeding

54. The transfer of genes from one organism to another is called ________.

55. genetic engineering

56. The crossing of two individuals that have identical or similar sets of alleles is called _______.

57. inbreeding