1. Solving Proportions, Using Exponents

2. Proportions Many chemistry problems deal with changing one variable and measuring the effect on another variable. We call these proportions (fractions) when there is a direct relationship between the two variables. When you recognize a problem as a proportion, you can easily solve it by cross- multiplying to isolate the unknown variable.

3. Proportions

4. Proportions

5. Proportions

6. Proportions

7. Exponents Understanding and using exponents and logarithms will be essential in chemistry. positive powers:3 3 = 3*3*3 negative bases:-3 3 = -3*-3*-3

8. Exponents Understanding and using exponents and logarithms will be essential in chemistry. powers of 1:3 1 = 3 powers of 0:3 0 = 1

9. Exponents Understanding and using exponents and logarithms will be essential in chemistry. multiplying common bases:3 3 *3 2 = 3 3+2 dividing common bases: 3 3 ÷3 2 = 3 3–2 base 10 logarithms: log 10 (100) = 2 10 2 = 100 natural logarithms: log e (148.4) = 5 e 5 = 148.4

10. Logarithms Calculate log(71)

11. Logarithms Calculate log(1684)

12. Logarithms Calculate 10 3

13. Logarithms Calculate ln (0.03)

14. Logarithms 23) Calculate e -1.08