1. CHAPTER 21, SECTION 4
AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP
SHIREEN, OSMAN, MOHAMMED

2. CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH Jus Soli
The law of the soil, or where one is born
A rule that the citizenship of a child is determined by the place of its birth.

3. CITIZENSHIP OF BIRTH Jus Sanguinis
The law of the blood, or to whom is born
A legal rule that a persons citizenship is determined (by blood) of their parents
Can only become a American citizen
Both parents are American citizens, and one has to have lived in the U.S for at least 10 years
The child has lived in the U.S for at least 5 years between the ages of 14 and 28

4. NATURALIZATION
After some time after birth, a person becomes a citizen of another country.
This is a legal process
INDIVIDUAL NATURALIZATION
Mostly an individual process
Both parents
Divorced parents
One parent dead
Adopted children, under 18 becomes final

5. LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
Every American citizen, has the right to renounce their citizenship
Expatriation
A legal process that a loss of citizenship can occur

6. EXPATRIATION
Congress cannot take away a persons citizenship, for something they have done
Naturalized citizens can lose their citizenship

7. DENATURALIZATION
Denaturalization, occurs only by court order and only after a person has become a citizen by deception or fraud
can lose your citizenship by the court

8. REGULATION OF IMMIGRATION
Congress has the exclusive power to regulate immigration
Decides who may be admitted to the U.S and what condition
The power of the U.S is to “exclude aliens from its territory… is not open to controversy”
Alien: Someone who was born in or belongs to another country, who has not acquired citizenship by naturalization

9. PRESENT IMMIGRATION POLICIES
The U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform was created by Congress
To assess U.S. immigration policy
The Immigration Act of 1990 governs the admission of aliens to the U.S
The law provided an increase number of immigrant, to enter the U.S each year

10. DEPORTATION
A legal process, aliens are legally required to leave the United States
Its not a punishment and doesn’t require a criminal trial
Some aliens who enter the U.S with fake papers, sneak across the border and get caught. They get deported.

11. UNDOCUMENTED ALIENS
Most undocumented aliens enter the country by crossing the Canadian or Mexican border
Cross over night
They come from Mexico, Asia, and other Latin American countries
Most Mexicans work on farms for at least 4 to 6 months

12. CURRENT LAWS
Problems of undocumented aliens, worry about businesses, labor, farms, ethnic, civil rights, and other groups.
Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1986, which established a 1 year amnesty program.
Undocumented aliens could become legal residents
More than two million aliens used it