1. Unit 7 Vocabulary Watson & Crick What are the 3 parts of RNA?
Chromosome
Rosalind Franklin
Gene
DNA
What 4 bases does RNA use?
Trait
What are the 3 parts of DNA?
Mutation
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Mutagen
What 4 bases does DNA use?
Transcription
Nondisjunction
RNA polymerase
Deletion
Nucleotide
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Duplication
complementary bases
Translation
Inversion
complementary strands
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Translocation
What makes strands complementary?
Codon
Substitution
AUG
Downs syndrome
DNA replication
UGA, UAA, UAG
eugenics
Helicase
Anticodon
DNA polymerase
amino acids
Why must DNA be replicated?
Polypeptide
Protein
Is DNA replication a part of mitosis, meiosis, or both?
Ribosome
central dogma of molecular biology
RNA
Enzyme

2. James Watson
Francis Crick
Unit 7 Vocabulary
Watson & Crick- scientists who discovered the structure of DNA in 1953
Franklin’s Picture of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
2. Rosalind Franklin- scientist who first photographed DNA

3. Unit 7 Vocabulary
3. DNA- hereditary molecule that carries genetic code for proteins (traits) 4. What are the 3 parts of DNA?- deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, base (A, T, C, G) 5. What 4 bases does DNA use?- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

4. Unit 7 Vocabulary
6. nucleotide- the building block of DNA & RNA; composed of a phosphate group, sugar, and base 7. complementary bases- bases that chemically bond together, such as A-T or C-G 8. complementary strands- long strings of bases that chemically bond together, such as GATTACA and CTAATGT 9. What makes strands complementary? all of their bases are complementary to each other

5. Unit 7 Vocabulary
10. DNA replication- the process of making two identical molecules of DNA 11. DNA polymerase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by adding complementary nucleotides to template strand 12. ligase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by connecting segments of nucleotides

6. Unit 7 Vocabulary
13. Why must DNA be replicated?- so that there is a complete copy of DNA for each new daughter cell when a cell divides
14. Is DNA replication a part of mitosis, meiosis, or both?- both
Growth
DNA Replication

7. Unit 7 Vocabulary
15. RNA- ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that is used as a temporary genetic code 16. What are the 3 parts of RNA?- ribose sugar, phosphate group, base (A, U, C, G) 17. What 4 bases does RNA use?- adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

8. Unit 7 Vocabulary
18. messenger RNA (mRNA)- molecule that carries the code of DNA in the nucleus to the rest of the cell 19. Transcription- the process of synthesizing RNA using DNA as a template
RNA
DNA
RNA polymerase
Nucleus
20. RNA polymerase- enzyme that synthesizes RNA using DNA as a template
21. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- the type of RNA that is folded to create a ribosome

9. Unit 7 Vocabulary
22. translation- the process of creating a polypeptide chain using the genetic code carried by mRNA 23. transfer RNA (tRNA)- molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosome
anticodon
amino acid

10. Unit 7 Vocabulary
24. codon- a group of 3 nucleotides (bases) that codes for 1 amino acid 25. AUG- the start codon; also codes for methionine 26. UGA, UAA, UAG- the stop codons; do not code for any amino acid but instead terminate translation
Codon = 3 nucleotides

11. Unit 7 Vocabulary
27. anticodon- 3 nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that complement a mRNA codon
anticodon
amino acid

12. Unit 7 Vocabulary Protein Polypeptide
28. amino acids- the building blocks of proteins; 20 types
29. polypeptide- a long chain of bonded amino acids
30. protein- a folded polypeptide
Protein
Polypeptide

13. Unit 7 Vocabulary
31. ribosome- the organelle responsible for linking together amino acids; the “protein factories” of the cell

14. Unit 7 Vocabulary DNA  RNA  Protein
32. central dogma of molecular biology- the concept that in cells, information always flows from DNA, to RNA, to protein and not in any other order.
DNA  RNA  Protein

15. Unit 7 Vocabulary
33. enzyme- a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions, such as DNA polymerase

16. Unit 7 Vocabulary
34. chromosome- a molecule of DNA that contains 100’s to 1000’s of genes
35. gene- the factors that are passed from parent to offspring; code for a trait
36. trait- a specific characteristic, such as height, of an individual

17. Unit 7 Vocabulary
37. mutation- a change in the sequence of DNA; may be positive, negative, or have no effect
38. mutagen- a substance that causes mutations; Ex: UV light

18. Unit 7 Vocabulary
39. nondisjunction- the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis; leads to the production of gametes with too many and too few chromosomes

19. Unit 7 Vocabulary
40. deletion- when a segment of chromosome is lost 41. duplication- when a segment of a chromosomes is copied, resulting in two identical segments 42. inversion- when segments(s) of a chromosome change location on the chromosome 43. translocation- when two non-homologous chromosomes cross over, resulting in a change of location of many gnes

20. Unit 7 Vocabulary Substitutions:
44. substitution- a type of gene mutation where one base is replaced with another
Substitutions:

21. Unit 7 Vocabulary
45. Downs syndrome- a genetic disorder where a person have 3 copies of chromosome #21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes

22. Unit 7 Vocabulary
46. eugenics- the science of improving a human population through selective breeding practices