2. Principles of Information Systems
Chapter 7
The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

3. Why Learn About the Internet?
Internet is an important part of most people’s lives
Individuals can investigate career opportunities
Businesses sell and advertise online
Employees can communicate with coworkers and bosses
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

4. Use and Functioning of the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 4 4

5. Use and Functioning of the Internet
Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
ARPANET
Ancestor of the Internet
Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

6. Use and Functioning of the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 6 6

7. Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Research to make Internet faster and easier to use
“Digital objects”: allow all types of computer systems to use and share programs and data
Internet2 (I2), Next Generation Internet (NGI), Abilene: provide Internet speeds of up to 2 Gbps or more
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

8. Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
Table 7.1: A Brief History of the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

9. How the Internet Works
Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another
If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it can send the message directly
If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it
Data is passed in chunks called packets
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

10. How the Internet Works (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 10 10

11. How the Internet Works (continued)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): assigned address on the Internet for each computer
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

12. How the Internet Works (continued)
Domain name and IP address - ?
ICANN –Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Table 7.2: U.S. Top-Level Domain Affiliations
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

13. How the Internet Works (continued)
Accessing the Internet
Connect via LAN server
Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Connect via an online service: America Online and Microsoft Network
Other ways to connect cell phones, PDAs, and home appliances: e.g., wireless application protocol (WAP) for cell phones
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

14. How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.1: Routing Messages over the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

15. How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.2: Internet Growth: Number of Internet Domain Names
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

16. How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.3: Several Ways to Access the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

17. Internet Service Providers
Internet service provider (ISP): any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
Most charge a monthly fee
Many ISPs and online services offer broadband Internet access through digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

18. Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.3: A Representative List of Internet Service Providers
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

19. Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.4: Approximate Times to Perform Basic Tasks with Various Internet Connections
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

20. The World Wide Web
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

21. The World Wide Web Also called the Web, WWW, or W3
Menu-based system that uses the client/server model
Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 21 21

22. The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, The European Organization for Neuclear Research in Geneva [Center Europeane pour la Recherche Nucleaire]
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 22 22

23. The World Wide Web (continued)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard page description language for Web pages
HTML tags: let the browser know how to format text on a Web page and whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted
Extensible Markup Language (XML): markup language for Web documents containing structured information, including words, pictures, and other elements
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

24. The World Wide Web (continued)
Figure 7.4: Sample Hypertext Markup Language
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

25. The World Wide Web (continued)
Web Documents
index.html
HTML
Documents/
Linked Files
REQUEST
HTTP
The Internet
HTTP
HTTPD
Web Server
Web Site
HTML
Document
index.html
Client
Web Browser
Web Page
Home Page

26. Web Browsers
Web browser: software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web
Menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with hypertext links
Popular Web browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Computer’s Safari
Applet: small program embedded in Web pages
Web browser plug-in: external program that is executed by a Web browser when it is needed
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

27. Search Engines and Web Research
Search engine: Web search tool
Examples: Yahoo.com, Google.com
Most search engines are free
Searches can use words, such as AND and OR to refine the search
Meta-search engine: submits keywords to several individual search engines and returns results from all these search engines
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

28. Search Engines and Web Research (continued)
Table 7.6 Popular Search Engines
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

29. Web Programming Languages
Java
Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++
Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

30. Web Programming Languages (continued)
Figure 7.6: Downloading an Applet from a Web Server
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

31. Web Programming Languages (continued)
Other programming languages used to develop Web sites
JavaScript
VBScript
ActiveX
Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

32. Developing Web Content
Suggestions for creating a Web page
Computer must be linked to a Web server
Web browser program needed to view the HTML pages you create
Options for designing the Web page
Write your copy with a word processor, and use an HTML converter to convert the page into HTML format
Use an HTML editor to write text and add HTML tags
Edit an existing HTML template to meet your needs
Use an ordinary text editor and type the start and end tags for each item
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

33. Developing Web Content (continued)
Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued):
See HTML page in browser; correct any mistakes
Add links to your home page
Store pictures as files before adding them
Draw them using a graphics software package
Copy pictures from other Web pages (with permission)
Buy a disk of clip art
Scan photos
Use a digital camera
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

34. Developing Web Content (continued)
Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued):
Add sound by using a microphone connected to your computer to create a file, and then adding a link to the file on a Web page
Upload the HTML file to your Web site
Review the Web page to make sure that all links are correctly established to other Web sites
Advertise your Web page to others and encourage them to take a look and send feedback by
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

35. Web Services
Web services: standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites for business and personal purposes
XML is used within a Web page to describe and transfer data between Web service applications
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

36. Web Services (continued)
Other components used in Web service applications:
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and Integration)
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

37. Internet and Web Applications
The types of Internet and Web applications available are vast and ever expanding
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

38. Business Uses of the Web
In 1991, Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association was established to allow businesses to connect to the Internet
Firms use the Internet for many types of applications
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

39. E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology
No longer limited to simple text messages
Can embed sound and images
Can attach files
Instant messaging: online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected to the Internet
Push technology: automatic transmission of information over the Internet rather than make users search for it with their browsers
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

40. E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology (continued)
Table 7.7: Some Common Abbreviations Used in Personal
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

41. Internet Cell Phones and Handheld Computers
Cell phones connected to the Internet allow people to search for information, buy products, and chat with business associates and friends
Short Message Service (SMS) or texting
Brief text messages can be sent between two or more cell phone users
Handheld computers and other devices are connected to the Internet using phone lines or wireless connections
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

42. Career Information and Job Searching
Use search engines to look for specific companies or industries
Internet sites specialize in helping you find job information and apply for jobs online
Examples: and
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

43. Telnet and FTP
Telnet: terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers on the Internet to gain access to public files
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): protocol that describes a file transfer process between a host and a remote computer and allows users to copy files from one computer to another
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

44. SSH Secure Shell File Transfer
Upload
Download

45. Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting
Web log or blog: Web site that people create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics
Video log or vlog: video content placed on the Internet using the same overall approach as a blog
Podcast: audio broadcast over the Internet
People and corporations use podcasts to listen to audio material, increase revenues, or advertise products and services
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

46. Usenet and Newsgroups
Usenet: system closely allied with the Internet that uses to provide a centralized news service
Protocol that describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers
Newsgroups: online discussion groups that focus on specific topics
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

47. Usenet and Newsgroups (continued)
Table 7.8: Selected Usenet Newsgroups
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

48. Chat Rooms
Chat room: enables two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) requires participants to type their conversation rather than speak
Voice chat allows participants to speak their conversation
Must have a microphone, sound card, speakers, a fast modem or broadband, and voice-chat software compatible with the other participants’
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

49. Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services
Internet phone service
Relatively inexpensive, especially for international calls
Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
Network managers can route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data
Internet videoconferencing
Supports both voice and visual communications
Webcasts or Webinars
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

50. Content Streaming
Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
Data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously without a break, or with very few breaks
Enables users to browse large files in real time
Works best when the transmission of a file can keep up with the playback of the file
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

51. Shopping on the Web You can shop for almost anything over the Internet
Convenient, easy, and cost effective
Many Web sites also offer free shipping and pickup for returned items
Bot: a software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices
Finds the best prices or features from multiple Web sites
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

52. Web Auctions
Web auction: Internet site that matches buyers and sellers
Businesses grow or reach customers for a low cost per transaction
One of the most popular auction sites: eBay
Potential problems with auction Web sites
Auction sites cannot always determine whether the people and companies listing products and services are legitimate
Some Web sites have illegal or questionable items offered
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

53. Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
Audio and video programs: play on the Internet or download files for later use
Music players and music formats such as MP3: download music from the Internet and listen to it anywhere
Musicians can gain exposure without a lucrative music contract
Radio broadcasts
Audio books
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

54. Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet (continued)
Video and TV are increasingly becoming available on the Internet
New, innovative devices let you record TV programs and view them at any time and place
Many content providers offer their programs over the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

55. Office on the Web
Internet office: Web site that contains files, phone numbers, addresses, an appointment calendar, and more
Allows your desktop computer, phone books, appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are
Many services and software products give you remote access to your files and programs over the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

56. Internet Sites in Three Dimensions
Some Web sites offer three-dimensional views of places and products
Examples
3-D Internet auto showroom: allows people to get different views of a car
3-D real estate site: people can tour the property, go into different rooms, etc.
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

57. Other Internet Services and Applications
Libraries: provide vast amounts of information
Movies: ordered and delivered over the Internet
Critical information during times of disaster or terrorism
Translation: words, sentences, or complete documents from one language into another
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

58. Other Internet Services and Applications (continued)
Distance learning: online courses
Internet cameras: conduct job interviews; hold group meetings with people around the world; monitor young children at daycare centers, etc.
Connect with friends or others with similar interests
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

59. Intranets and Extranets
Intranet: internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
Used by employees to gain access to corporate information
Reduces the need for paper
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

60. Intranets and Extranets (continued)
Extranet: network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Virtual private network (VPN): secure connection between two points across the Internet
Tunneling: process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

61. Intranets and Extranets (continued)
Table 7.9: Summary of Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Users
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

62. Net Issues Management issues Service and speed issues Privacy Fraud
Preventing attacks
Service and speed issues
Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on company intranets
Privacy
Fraud
Security
Unauthorized Internet sites
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

63. Summary
Internet: collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Packets: Internet data passed in chunks
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

64. Summary (continued)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): assigned address on the Internet for each computer
World Wide Web: menu-based system that organizes Internet resources into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard page description language for Web pages
Search engine: Web search tool
Internet and Web applications: , instant messaging, Internet cell phones, Web logs, newsgroups, Web shopping, etc.
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

65. Summary (continued)
Intranet: internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards
Extranet: network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Network issues: management, service, speed, privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

67. Principles and Learning Objectives
The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use
Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 67 67

68. Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a menu-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications
Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works
Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools
Identify and briefly describe the applications associated with the Internet and the Web
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 68 68

69. Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming more universally used and accepted for business use, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved
Identify who is using the Web to conduct business and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web shopping
Outline a process for creating Web content
Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 69 69

70. Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them
Identify several issues associated with the use of networks
Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 70 70

71. Review question #7

72. ส วั ส ดี