2. Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved OMQ000001 GPRS Principle ISSUE 2.0

3. Internal Use

5. 4 GSM Development Evolution 57.6kbps 115kbps 384kbps 2Mbps GSM HSCSD GPRS EDGE IMT-2000 9.6kbps 2G 2.5G 3G

6. Internal Use General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users ofpacket orientedMobile Data Service Global System for Mobile CommunicationsGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones.IS-136mobile phones It provides data rates from 56 up to 114 k.bit /s. GPRS is a technology which is changing the present shape of mobile communication. 2G2G cellular systems combined with GPRS are often described as "2.5G", that is, a2.5G technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony2G3G

7. Internal Use

10. Technology of GPRS  Splits data into Internet Protocol (IP) packets  Transmitted in packet switching connection  Objectives:  give support for bursty traffic  use efficiently network and radio resources  provide flexible services at relatively low costs  possibility for connectivity to the Internet  provide fast access time  to have and support flexible co-existence with GSM voice

11. Internal Use What is GPRS?  Bandwidth  share the same bandwidth  be served from a single cell  LIMITED IN REALITY  Speed  Theoretically, maximum speed ~ 144 kbps  Using all eight timeslots at the same time  SPEEDS MUCH LOWER IN REALITY

12. Internal Use Features of GPRS  Key user features of GPRS  IMMEDIACY  NEW APPLICATIONS, BETTER APPLICATIONS  SERVICE ACCESS  Keynetwork features of GPRS  PACKET SWITCHING  SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY

13. Internal Use How is GPRS?  Technology used by GPRS  Packet-mode technique over GSM radio networks  Optimizes the use of radio and network resources

14. Internal Use When is GPRS? Figure: GSM migration paths

15. Internal Use Opportunities  Bridge of the gap for 3G  Sensible steeping-stone adoption  Test of higher bandwidth services to come in 3G  First time non-voice services to mass market

16. Internal Use Which is GPRS? Application  VOICE MAIL SERVICES  CHAT  TEXTUAL AND VISUAL INFORMATION  IMAGES  WEB BROWSING  DOCUMENT SHARING/ COLLABORATIVE WORKING

17. Internal Use Which is GPRS?  Applications  AUDIO  CORPORATE EMAIL  INTERNET EMAIL  VEHICLE POSITIONING  REMOTE LAN ACCESS  FILE TRANSFER  HOME AUTOMATION

18. Internal Use Applications  Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

19. Internal Use Advanced Consumer Applications  information on demand regarding weather, traffic, entertainment, stock exchange, flight schedule etc.  bank transactions  fast communication with the service provider to receive administrative information such as statements, bill reminders, or new services

20. Internal Use Advanced Business Applications  tracking of taxis and credit card validation for customer payment  control over the position of trucks for transportation companies  localization of stolen cars  support of security and monitoring systems  distribution of specific short messages to selected groups of users in large corporations

21. Internal Use GSM Architecture BTS MS BTS MS BSC MSC GMSC MS EIR VLR HLR AUC PSTN PDN ISDN

22. Internal Use GPRS Architecture BTS MS BSC Gb SGSN Gf Gs Gr D EIR MSC/VLR HLR Gc Gn GGSN Gi PDN Gp GGSN Other GPRS PLMN

23. Internal Use 22 Network interface types GPRS backbone network SGSN GGSN Gn IP interface SS7 interface BSS MSC SMS- GMSC A Um PDP network (IP/X.25) Gi TE MT MS HLR Gs Gr Gd Gc Gb

24. Internal Use 23 Key Elements Of GPRS Network  SGSN- Serving GPRS Support Node  GGSN- Gateway GPRS support Node  PCU Packet Control Unit  ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE GPRS  CG ( Charging Gateway)  NMS ( Network Management Center)  BG (Border Gateway)  LIG (Legal Interception Gateway)  DNS

25. Internal Use BSS GPRS MODIFICATION 24  BTS Requires Software up gradation  Inclusion of CCU in the BTS  BSC requires software upgrade and addition of PCUSN  PCUSN can contain PCUs

26. Internal Use Packet Control Unit (PCU) Functions 25  Provides physical and logical data interface out of the BSS for packet data traffic  ARQ functions  Radio channel management  LLC layer PDU segmentation/reassembly  Packet data transfer scheduling

27. Internal Use CHANNEL CODING UNIT 26  Channel Coding functions  FEC  Interleaving  Radio channel functions

28. Internal Use 27 Position of PCU

29. Internal Use 28 Position of Huawei PCU CCU BSC BTS SGSN Um Abis Gb BSC Pb CCU PCU BTS

30. Internal Use 29 GPRS(BSS side) upgrade to EDGE Upgrade BSC software Upgrade PCU software upgrade BTS software

31. Internal Use 30  GPRS shares GSM database resources  Databases software upgrades required to accommodate new GPRS functionality and parameters when interacting with GSM.  EIR/AuC will also require software upgrades for GPRS-specific authentication/authorization DATA BASES-VLR/HLR

32. Internal Use 31  SGSN “ Packet Switching MSC – delivers packets to and received packets from MTs  SGSN sends queries to HLR to obtain profile data of GPRS subscribers.  An SGSN detects new GPRS in its service area, process registration and authentication and manages ciphering between MTs and SGSN.  It also performs Mobility Management Functions i.e. GPRS location Area (LA), attach and detach. Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN

33. Internal Use 32  Interface between GPRS back bone and external PDNs such as the IP-based internet and X.25 networks.  The GGSN also translate between data formats, signaling protocols and address information between the GPRS network and differing external networks.  Address Mapping by using DNS  Supports multiple SGSNs  GGSNs maintain routing information Gate Way GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

34. Internal Use GPRS Coding Schemes 33  CS-1  CS-2  CS-3  CS-4

35. Internal Use 34 Functions of CG  Real-time collection of GPRS bills  Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills  Pre-processing of GPRS bills  Sending GPRS bills to the billing center

36. Internal Use 35 Functions of BG  BG enables the following protocols necessary for interworking between operators  Security protocol: IPSec and firewall are recommended  Routing protocol: BGP is recommended  Billing protocol: determined by the operators with negotiation; BG might be needed in collecting billing information  It is normally based on routers  It can be configured in combination with GGSN

37. Internal Use 36 Functions of MSC/VLR When Gs interface is installed, MSC/VLR can support  Establishment and maintenance of the association between SGSN and MSC/VLR.  GPRS combined mobility management procedure.  Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment/detachment.  Combined location area/routing area updating.  Circuit paging coordination function. The wireless resource usage can be greatly improved.

38. Internal Use 37 Functions of HLR/AUC  Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data  User authentication  Providing location/routing information and processing needed in mobility management and routing, for example:  Saving and updating user service SGSN number and address  GPRS user location deletion indication  Whether MS is reachable.  Subscriber tracing (optional)

39. Internal Use 38 Functions of SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC  After Gd interface is installed, short messages can be sent via GPRS, which reduces the occupation on SDCCH and cuts down the influence on voice services by SMS services.  The operator can select to send SMS via MSC or SGSN.

40. Internal Use EDGE 39 EDGE can also be known as extended version of GPRS therefore it is also called EGPRS. EDGE is standardized by 3GPP as part of the GSM family, and it is an upgrade that provides more than three-fold increase in both the capacity and performance of GSM/GPRS networks.3GPP introducing sophisticated methods of coding and transmitting data, delivering higher bit-rates per radio channel. EDGE can be used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet connection. EDGE-delivered data services create a broadband internet-like experience for the mobile phone user.packet switchedInternet

41. Internal Use 40 High bandwidth data applications such as video services and other multimedia benefit from EGPRS' increased data capacity. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003. EDGE/EGPRS is implemented as a bolt-on enhancement for 2G and 2.5G GSM and GPRS networks, making it easier for existing GSM carriers to upgrade to itbolt-on enhancement2G2.5GGSMGPRS

42. Internal Use 41

43. Internal Use EDGE: TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE 42 In addition to Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), EDGE uses higher-order PSK/8 phase shift keying (8PSK) for the upper five of its nine modulation and coding schemes.Gaussian minimum-shift keyinghigher-order PSK/8 phase shift keying EDGE produces a 3-bit word for every change in carrier phase. This effectively triples the gross data rate offered by GSM. EDGE, like GPRS, uses a rate adaptation algorithm that adapts the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) according to the quality of the radio channel, and thus the bit rate and robustness of data transmission. This increases the probability of correct decoding.GPRS EDGE can carry a bandwidth up to 236.8 kbit/s (with end-to-end latency of less than 150 ms) for 4 timeslots (theoretical maximum is 473.6 kbit/s for 8 timeslots) in packet mode. This means it can handle four times as much traffic as standard GPRS.timeslotsGPRS

44. Internal Use EDGE modulation and coding scheme (MCS) 43 Coding and modulation scheme (MCS) Bit Rate (kbit/s/slot) Modulation MCS-18.80GMSK MCS-211.2GMSK MCS-314.8GMSK MCS-417.6GMSK MCS-522.48-PSK MCS-629.68-PSK MCS-744.88-PSK MCS-854.48-PSK MCS-959.28-PSK EDGE is four times as efficient as GPRS. GPRS uses four coding schemes (CS-1 to 4) while EDGE uses nine Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS-1 to 9).Modulation

45. Internal Use