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Chapter 9 Science “A good science program is skillfully integrated into the total life of the classroom.” ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Basic Scientific Process/Inquiry Skills
Are based on concrete experiences Opposite of rote learning Support curiosity and exploration Child-directed and child-centered Inquiry is thought of as a questioning process Full inquiry involves asking a simple question, completing an investigation, answering the question, and presenting the results to others ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Process Skill Terminology
Observation at the core of doing science Investigation skills Comparing Classifying Measuring Communicating Inferring Predicting Recording ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Children Learn Science Concepts in a Social Setting
Work with others in learning centers, cooperative groups, and paired activities Engage in projects Exchange of ideas Discuss findings ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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7 Content (Concepts) of Science Based on NRC
Science as inquiry Offers frequent opportunities for children to question, investigate, classify, predict, and communicate Life science People Plants Animals ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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7 Content (Concepts) of Science Based on NRC
Physical science Physics Chemistry Earth and space science Geology Meteorology Astronomy ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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7 Content (Concepts) of Science Based on NRC
Science in personal and social perspectives Children develop an understanding of health, changes in environments, and ways to conserve and recycle Ecology Relationship between living things and their environment ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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7 Content (Concepts) of Science Based on NRC
Science and technology Establishing connections between natural and man- made items Simple tools invite hands-on investigations of how technical objects operate ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Methods of Discovery Open-ended opportunities Investigations
Self-discovery Problem solve Hands-on Explore Discover Verify Record ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Remember children think in concrete terms and learn in the context of playing Build on what children already know Emphasize sensory awareness, explore manipulate, question, discover, and use other process skills Take advantage of the children’s world as you introduce new materials Enable them to revisit their work so they can reflect and expand on ideas Give children TIME ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Creating a Scientific Environment
Preparation of the environment is critical Must allow for active engagement in the process of learning Must encourage investigations Schedule must be flexible in order to take advantage of teachable moments ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Suggested Science Materials and Equipment
Recycled, donated, purchased Use with safety in mind Age-appropriate This is critical Be cautious Extended activities: TIME is required Investigations take time to evolve Some investigations are unpredictable but learning still occurs ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Possible Inquiry Topics
Investigate water Discover rainbows Explore shadows Grow grass Focus on nature Air Nature walks Gardens ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Ecology Plant and garden all year long Make a compost pile
Catch and recycle rainwater Adopt or plant a tree Recycle and conserve materials Use grocery sacks and newspapers at the easels Stress the importance of not littering Celebrate Earth Day Read special nature books ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Animals in Early Childhood Education
Animals in our world Touchable versus untouchable Rescue procedures Emergency care Animals in our classroom Food and housing Care and maintenance ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Nutrition Introducing nutrition concepts at an early age can influence a lifetime of food choices and balances ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Nutrition Nutrition is the study of food and how it is used by the body Nutrients are substances found in foods that provide for the growth, development, maintenance, and repair of the body Children should be exposed to and encouraged to accept a variety of foods from each of the food groups suggested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) My Plate Guide ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Cooking By including opportunities for children to cook, you offer times for them to practice Math Comparing sizes, shapes, and measurements; fractions; and temperature Science Vegetables that are stems or roots, fruit that grows on trees Reading and writing Making lists and using recipes and rebus charts Social studies Learning more about their world and community resources ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Diversity in Science Read books to the children, display objects and artifacts from different cultures, show photographs, and explore websites of faraway places Provide them with digital or disposable cameras to take photographs that illustrate the diversity in what they see Foods from other cultures offer opportunities for children to taste different ingredients and flavors ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Supporting Each and Every Child’s Success
When cooking, watch for food allergies Children with tactile hypersensitivity may need to be introduced to different new foods or textures slowly Messy play materials may need to be contained to minimize the sensation ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Supporting Each and Every Child’s Success
Rebus recipes with pictures and words and sequence charts or cards with picture icons can be a helpful cueing device to complete the steps in a science experiment and offer opportunities to practice following directions and motor planning Larger tools such as a baster instead of an eye dropper may help some children be more successful Presenting science materials contained on trays may help some children who get overwhelmed with clutter ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Encouraging Family Support
Help them understand their children are natural scientists Share ideas both general and specific Help them to realize that science is all around in daily living Ideas to involve families ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Tips for Teachers Science is a way of thinking
Provide developmentally appropriate activities “Do with” not “tell about” Learn alongside the children Provide appropriate multicultural activities Assess children’s progress through listening and recording observations ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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