1. WHAT IS A COMPUTER??? An electronic device that accepts: n Input n Processes the input n Stores the results of the processing n provides Output Computers have two components: Hardware & Software

2. HARDWARE Hardware is any part of the computer you can touch. A. The COMPUTER is the core of the computer. B. A PERIPHERAL is any piece of hardware attached to the computer.

3. Examples of Hardware: Keyboard, Monitor, Printer, Mouse Modem/Fax Sound Card CD ROM Scanner

4. Hardware Classifications n INPUT DEVICES n PROCESSING DEVICES n OUTPUT DEVICES n STORAGE DEVICES

5. INPUT and OUTPUT n MOUSE n KEYBOARD n MONITOR n VIDEO ADAPTER n SCANNER n JOYSTICK n MICROPHONE n PRINTER n MODEM n SOUND CARD n FAX n SPEAKERS n TRACKBALL n TOUCHPAD

6. INPUT DEVICES: n KEYBOARD – STANDARD: n 83 KEYS – ENHANCED: n 101 KEYS – ERGONOMIC: n COMFORT DESIGN

7. INPUT DEVICES: n MOUSE n TRACKBALL – PORTABLE COMPUTERS n JOYSTICK – GAMES

8. INPUT DEVICES: n SCANNER n TOUCHSCREEN n VOICE RECOGNITION

9. PROCESSING n CPU - CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT THE MAIN CHIP THAT -PROCESSES INSTRUCTIONS -PERFORMS CALCULATIONS -MANAGES THE FLOW OF INFORMATION n THE CPU COMMUNICATES WITH INPUT, OUTPUT, AND STORAGE DEVICES TO PERFORM TASKS.

10. PROCESSING: n CPU n CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT n HOUSED ON A MOTHERBOARD n ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ETCHED ON A SMALL SILICON CHIP-- MICROCHIPS

11. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT n CPU IS THE MAIN CHIP INSIDE THE COMPUTER n EACH NEW GENERATION OF CPU IS FASTER AND MORE POWERFUL THAN THE PREVIOUS ONE. n GENERATIONS: n 386 OBSOLETE n 486 PROCESSES 1 INSTRUCTION AT A TIME n Pentium PROCESSES 2 INSTRUCTIONS AT A TIME n P6 * PROCESSES 4 INSTRUCTIONS AT A TIME *Processors based on the P6 microarchitecture (including the Intel® Celeron™, Pentium II, Pentium® Pro and Pentium® II Xeon™ processors).

13. PROCESSING: n PROCESSES RAW DATA INTO INFORMATION. n INTERPRETS PROGRAM INSTRUCTION

14. PROCESSING: n CPU COMMUNICATES WITH – INPUT – OUTPUT – STORAGE DEVICES THROUGH ‘ BUS LINES ’ ------ ELECTRONIC PATHWAYS

15. MEMORY MEMORY IS USED TO TEMPORARILY STORES DATA INSIDE OF THE COMPUTER. RAM IS USED AS THE COMPUTERS WORKING AREA.

16. RAM n VRAM = VIDEO RAM Used in a video adapter n SRAM = STATIC RAM Improves performance of CPU n DRAM = DYNAMIC RAM Used for computer’s main memory

17. CACHE n A special block of fast memory used for temporary storage of data for quick retrieval. (Usually 512KB or more) n Disk cache RAM holds data that is frequently read from or written to a disk. n This is faster than getting data from the disk.

18. RAM continued... n SIMM -Single Inline Memory Module. – RAM chips that combine several compact chips on a small circuit board. – SIMM pins have 64-bit data path but connect to only 1 memory chip. n DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module. – Circuit board with pins connecting to different memory chips. – This allows for wider and faster data transfer. Thought to eventually replace SIMM as market standard.

19. ROM CONTAINS INSTRUCTIONS FOR: n POWER ON SELF TEST – Power on Self Test -- part of the boot up process that diagnoses problems in the computer n I/O OPERATIONS – ROM BIOS -- BASIC INPUT-OUTPUT SYSTEM Controls low-level input/output activities n STARTING THE OPERATING SYSTEM

20. Measuring MEMORY/STORAGE n BYTE = 8 Bits that makes up 1 character example: A,S or 5 n KILOBYTE = one thousand bytes example: 1page of dbl.sp.text n MEGABYTE = one million bytes example: 1 novel n GIGABYTE = one billion characters example: 1000 novels n TERABYTE = one trillion characters example: a Library

21. OUTPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES: n PRINTERS n MODEMS n FAX n TAPE n SPEAKERS

22. OUTPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES: n MONITORS n VIDEO ADAPTER A video adapter translates instructions from the CPU into a form the monitor or screen can display. n RESOLUTION Determines the clarity of information displayed. The higher the resolution and larger the number of colors displayed require more RAM.

23. STORAGE n STORAGE DEVICES HOLD INFORMATION - THIS INFORMATION IS USED TO PERFORM TASKS. n EXAMPLES: HARD DRIVE FLOPPY DRIVE TAPE DRIVE CD-ROM DRIVE ZIP DRIVES

24. SOFTWARE n Set of electronic instructions that tell the computer what to do. n A collection of instructions is known as a: COMPUTER PROGRAM

25. TYPES OF SOFTWARE n OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE RUNS THE SYSTEM DOS WINDOWS n APPLICATION SOFTWARE ACCOMPLISHES A SPECIFIC TASK

26. APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE WORD PROCESSING MANIPULATION OF TEXT SPREADSHEET NUMERIC ANALYSIS DATABASE DATA MANAGEMENT POWERPOINT PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS

27. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES n BASIC n PASCAL n C++ n COBOL n FORTRAN n VISUAL BASIC

28. TYPES OF COMPUTERS MAINFRAMES PROCESS BILLIONS OF INSTRUCTIONS PER SECOND COST $100,000S 1 COMPUTER SERVICES MULTIPLE TERMINALS BANKS, GOVERNMENT, CORPORATIONS MANUFACTURING COs., EDUCATIONAL INSITUTIONS, ETC.

29. TYPES OF COMPUTERS MINICOMPUTERS SLOWER, SMALLER, LESS THAN A MAINFRAME MID-SIZED BUSINESSES Not as popular in today’s marketplace

30. TYPES OF COMPUTERS MICROCOMPUTERS -- PC PERSONAL COMPUTERS MICROCOMPUTER 1 COMPUTER -- 1 USER COST IN $1000.00 S EACH PERSON HAS THEIR OWN COMPUTER

31. MICROCOMPUTERS TOWER DESKTOP LAPTOP NOTEBOOK PALMTOP

32. WHAT IS NEEDED TO COMPOSE A LETTER? n TYPE LETTER ON KEYBOARD n USE MOUSE TO REGISTER COMMANDS INPUT

33. WHAT IS NEEDED TO COMPOSE A LETTER???? n CPU -- CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT. n WORD PROCESSING APPLICATION IS USED TO PROCESS THE TEXT. PROCESSING CONTINUE...

34. WHAT IS NEEDED TO COMPOSE A LETTER???? n TEXT IS DISPLAYED ON THE SCREEN -- MONITOR. n WHEN THE LETTER MEETS YOUR SPECS -- PRINT IT. OUTPUT CONTINUE...

35. WHAT IS NEEDED TO COMPOSE A LETTER? n RAM -- THE LETTER IS IN THE COMPUTER’S MEMORY n DISK -- THE LETTER IS SAVED ON A DISK OR THE HARD DRIVE STORAGE CONTINUE...