1. Outline Who am I? What is research? My Research Higher studies opportunities in Australia Getting jobs in IT industry Presented by: Muhammad Aamir Cheema, Lecturer IT at James Cook University Australia, Sydney campus

2. Who Am I? A Student BSc. Electrical Engineering UET Lahore (2001-2005) Masters by research University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney (2005-2007) Currently a PhD Student at UNSW Sydney Research Area: Databases

3. Who Am I? A Teacher Tutor @ University of New South Wales, Sydney Lecturer IT @ James Cook University Sydney Campus Courses Taught: Database Systems Implementation Database Systems Operating Systems and Architectures E-Business Technologies Portable Programming C++

4. What is Research? Formally “a form of systematic enquiry that contributes to knowledge.” Is research boring and difficult??? NOT AT ALL if you like solving puzzles Informally, Research ≈ Solving Puzzles

5. Let’s Play a Game 1 Task: Find the missing number Given: Data set consists of numbers from 1 to 20 Version 1: Numbers are not displayed on the screen Version 2: Find the missing number from the list below 4,2,8,18,1,20,17,9,16,15,13,3,12,19,6,5,14,7,10 Version 1 is more difficult because: 1. No element can be seen twice 2. We cannot memorize all the numbers 1- Data Streams: Algorithms and Applications, S. Muthukrishnan

6. Brute Force Solution for Version 2 4,2,8,1,10,9,5,3,6 Is 1 missing? Is 2 missing? Is 3 missing?... Algorithm: For each number i from 1 to n Check whether i is missing or not Performance: Space Usage: (n-1) elements  O(n) Running Time: O(n 2 )

7. Sorting: A faster solution 4,2,8,1,10,9,5,3,6 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10 Sort the numbers Scan the list to find missing number Performance: Space Storage: O(n) Running Time: sorting time + final scan nlogn + n  O(nlogn)

8. Bucket: Even faster approach 4,2,8,1,10,9,5,3,6 Algorithm: create an empty array of size n For each element i in the list Mark the element at index [ i ] Unmarked index is the missing number Performance: Space Requirement: O(n) Running Time: O(n)

9. Solution for Version 1??? What we have done so far: Developed solution for Version 2 Performance: Space Usage: O(n) Running Time: O(n) Version 1: A solution is required that 1. Accesses each element only once Running Time: O(n) 2. Memorizes only one number Space Usage: O(1) An example application: data passing through a network node (e.g; a router cannot store all the data passing through it and can see each element only once)

10. Hint Given: numbers are from 1 to 10 Task: Nine numbers from the data are sent to user one by one, find the missing number Sum of the numbers from 1 to 10 is 55

11. Solution Given: Numbers are from 1 to n Algorithm: Find the sum of 1 to n numbers  S=n(n+1)/2 For each number i S=S-i S is missing number Performance: Space Usage: O(1) Running Time: O(n)

12. My Research Nearest Neighbors Problem Given a set of objects O, find k objects closest to any given query object Objects are represented by their location coordinates Applications: Find 5 taxis nearest to my current location Find 3 hotels closest to Islamabad Airport

13. A Brute Force Solution Algorithm: Let q be the query object For each object x Find the distance of x from q Report the k objects with the minimum distance from q

14. Problems with the brute force approach Distance of all objects from the query object is to be calculated Running Time = O(n) What if all the objects are moving (e.g cars on a road)??? To update the results, compute distance of all objects again

15. A better solution Compute the distance of only the objects in vicinity of the query object q How to find the objects that lie in vicinity of q? Use some spatial Index. i.e; grid index

16. CircularTrip 1 Explore the objects around q in an iteratively increased circle Use grid based index (visit the cells around q that intersect the circle) 1- Muhammad Aamir Cheema, Yidong Yuan, Xuemin Lin, "CircularTrip: An Effective Algorithm for Continuous kNN Queries", DASFAA 2007, Thailand."CircularTrip: An Effective Algorithm for Continuous kNN Queries" q p1p1 p2p2 r

17. Updating the result on movement of objects q p2p2 p1p1 Incoming objects: any non-result object p entering inside the circle Insert p into answer list Outgoing objects: any result object leaving the circle delete p from answer list Hanlde all the object updates as mentioned above Case 1: answer list contains k or more than k objects Keep k closest objects and discard other Case 2: answer list contains less than k objects Same as initial computation except the starting radius is dist k dist k

18. Higher Studies Opportunities in Australia Student Visa Apply in any institution you like Get admission letter Take IELTS exam (you need 6 band overall) Show bank statement Permanent Visa Get three year work experience in Pakistan Take IELTS (minimum 7 band in each module) Apply for Permanent residence (PR) visa Go there and get education with benefits of being a citizen of Australia (e.g; more scholarship opportunities, HEC loan etc)

19. Higher studies opportunities in Australia Student Visa Quick (you will not need to wait to complete 3 yrs work experience to get PR) You become eligible for PR once you complete your degree (duration must be at least 2 years) in Australia Permanent Visa Less expensive (once you are citizen your chances of getting scholarship grow enormously)

20. When Australia? Education in Australia is not cheap but Australia is accomodating Prefer European countries or try HEC scholarships if you are not interested in settling abroad

21. Getting Jobs in IT industry University degrees teach you little bit of everything A regular student becomes “Jack of all trades but master of none” To get good jobs, you must become “Jack of all trades AND master of ONE” Moral: Be master in at least on skill. e.g; JAVA, C++, networking, web development etc. Try to learn something about everything and everything about something

22. Contact Information www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~macheema Google search “Muhammad Aamir Cheema” macheema@cse.unsw.edu.au THANKS