1. Understanding and Troubleshooting Your PC

2. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices2 Chapter Objectives  In this chapter, you will learn: –About how peripherals work –How to connect peripherals using ports, wireless connections, and expansion slots –About input and output devices –About multimedia technologies

3. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices3 An Overview of Peripherals  Input is any data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer  An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data or instructions  Output is data that has been processed into a useful form  An output device is any hardware component used to convey this information to a user  A peripheral device can be connected to the computer in an expansion slot, via a cable that connects to a port, or using a wireless connection

4. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices4 Converting Analog and Digital Data  Humans process data that is analog, while computers process digital data  Computers use an analog-to-digital conversion to convert all analog input into digital values before processing the data  To output information, computers perform digital-to-analog conversions to convert the digital data back into analog form

5. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices5 Installing Peripheral Devices  Install the device –Internal –External  Install the device driver –The driver must be written specifically for the operating system installed on your PC  Install the application software –Application software packages are built to interface with the device driver

6. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices6 Connecting Peripherals Using Ports

7. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices7 Using Serial Ports  Serial ports are used to connect input devices and transmit data in single bits  A serial port conforms to the standard interface called RS-232c (RS-232 port)  This standard originally called for 25 pins, but newer computers only use 9 pins

8. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices8 Using Serial Ports  Serial ports rely on a special controller chip called the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) –DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) –DCE (Data Communications Equipment)

9. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices9 Using Parallel Ports  A parallel port transmits data in parallel, eight bits at a time  A parallel port generally is used for fast transmission of data over short distances  A parallel port sometimes is referred to as a DB-25 connector, which indicates that it has 25 pins on the connector  Parallel ports are considered bidirectional

10. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices10 Parallel Port Technologies  The standard parallel port (SPP) is an 8-bit standard port first introduced in 1987  Enhanced parallel port (EPP) allows for bidirectional data transfer about 10 times faster than the standard parallel port  The extended capabilities port (ECP) allows for bidirectional data transfer at speeds slightly faster than EPP

11. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices11 Configuring Parallel Ports  Parallel ports use port assignments of LPT1 or LPT2  Use CMOS to configure parallel ports that are connected directly to the motherboard  To connect a printer or other device to a parallel port, simply connect the device cable to the port and install any required drivers or software  If the parallel port is not working, check the CMOS setup to ensure it is enabled

12. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices12 Using USB Ports  The USB port was designed to make the installation of peripheral devices as effortless as possible  USB uses Plug and Play technology and this allows for hot-swapping or hot-plugging

13. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices13 Using USB Ports  The universal serial bus is controlled by a USB host controller, which is included in the chip set for most motherboards  A motherboard can have two USB host controllers, each of which can be enabled or disabled using CMOS setup  You can daisy chain up to 127 peripherals together using USB cables

14. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices14 USB Technologies  The latest version of USB, USB 2.0, allows for data transmission speeds of 480 Mbps, and is almost 40 times faster than USB 1.0 and USB 1.1  USB 2.0 is also called Hi-Speed USB or USB2  Most devices connected to a USB port receive power through the USB port and therefore do not require an additional power cable

15. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices15 Installing a New USB Device  To install a USB device, you need the following: –A motherboard that provides a USB port –A USB device and its device drivers –An OS that supports USB  Before installing a USB device, carefully read and follow the device documentation

16. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices16 Using FireWire (IEEE 1394) Ports  A FireWire port is used to connect high-speed input, output, and multimedia devices that require large data transfers –Digital video cameras –External hard drives  FireWire provides speeds as high as 3.2 gigabits per second  FireWire uses isochronous data transfer, which means that data is transferred continuously over the FireWire bus  Devices connected to a FireWire port are controlled by a FireWire host controller  Installing a FireWire device involves the same basic principles as installing a USB device

17. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices17 Using FireWire (IEEE 1394) Ports

18. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices18 Connecting Peripherals Using Wireless Connections  Infrared (IR) technology uses infrared light waves to transmit signals to other infrared- enabled devices  Infrared technologies are often used to transfer data to and from a PDA  An infrared port (IrDA) supports infrared devices such as wireless keyboards, mice, and printers  Many notebook computers already have infrared ports

19. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices19 Connecting Peripherals Using Wireless Connections  Radio frequency (RF) devices use radio waves to transmit signals  Items blocking the line of sight will not degrade the communications, as with IR technology  Bluetooth and 802.11 are two widely used radio frequency technologies –Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

20. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices20 Connecting Peripherals Using Expansion Slots  Expansion cards are circuit boards designed to provide additional functionality or to provide a connection to a peripheral device  Expansion cards are inserted into expansion slots: –PCI –AGP –ISA

21. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices21 Installing an Expansion Card in an Expansion Slot  Protect yourself and the computer from ESD  Shut down the computer, unplug it, and remove the case cover  Locate the expansion slot in which you want to install the expansion card and then remove the faceplate from the slot  Insert the expansion card in the expansion slot

22. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices22 Installing an Expansion Card in an Expansion Slot  Replace the cover of the computer case, power cord, and other peripherals  Plug in the device intended to use the port on the rear of the card  Reboot the computer  Test the device

23. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices23 PC Cards and ExpressCards  A PC Card (PCMCIA) is about the size of a credit card, but thicker, and inserts into a PC Card slot –Type I –Type II –Type III  The latest PCMCIA specification, CardBus, improves I/O speed and increases the bus width from 16 bits to 32 bits

24. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices24 PC Cards and ExpressCards

25. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices25 Keyboards  A keyboard is an input device with keys that users press to enter data and send instructions to a computer –Enhanced keyboard –Ergonomic keyboard

26. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices26 Connecting a Keyboard  For desktop and tower computers, keyboards connect to a PC in one of four ways: –PS/2 connection –DIN connection –USB connection –Wireless connection

27. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices27 Common Keyboard Problems  Several keys do not work  Keys continue to repeat after being released  Major spills on the keyboard  The keyboard does not work at all

28. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices28 Pointing Devices

29. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices29 Types of Mouse Units

30. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices30 Connecting a Mouse  A mouse can connect to the computer wirelessly, or using one of several ports –Serial port –USB port –PS/2 port

31. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices31 Maintaining and Troubleshooting a Mouse  Clean the mouse  Close any open applications and restart the computer  Check the mouse port connection  Using Device Manager and the Add New Hardware icon in the Control Panel, first uninstall and then reinstall the mouse driver

32. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices32 Output Devices: CRT Monitors  A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube (CRT) and is similar to a standard television

33. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices33 Output Devices: CRT Monitors

34. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices34 Output Devices: Flat Panel Monitors  A flat panel monitor, also called an LCD monitor, uses a liquid crystal display instead of a cathode-ray tube to produce images on the screen

35. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices35 Video Cards  Video cards serve as the interface between the computer and the monitor  Video cards can have up to four ports: –RGB video port –DVI (digital video interface) port –S-Video (Super-Video) –Composite video

36. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices36 Video Cards  Video RAM –VRAM –SGRAM –WRAM  AGP Technologies –Direct memory execute (DIME)  Graphics Accelerators –Type of video card that has its own processor

37. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices37 Troubleshooting Monitors and Video Cards  If the monitor has power but is not displaying a picture: –Check the contrast and brightness adjustments on the monitor –Check the monitor cables –Check the CMOS settings –Reseat the video card and/or move it do a different slot

38. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices38 Troubleshooting Monitors and Video Cards  If the monitor is flickering: –Check that the cable connections are snug –Check if something in the work area is causing a high amount of electrical noise –Check that the monitor refresh rate is not set too low

39. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices39 CPU Technologies for Multimedia  Intel updated their CPUs with new technologies to support multimedia applications  The Pentium MMX introduced MMX (Multimedia Extensions) and the Pentium III introduced Intel’s performance enhancement called Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE)

40. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices40 Audio Input and Output  A sound card is an expansion card that records sound, saves it in a file on your hard drive, and plays it back  A computer’s CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive is attached to the sound card internally  A sound card can be an expansion card or embedded on a motherboard

41. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices41 Sampling and Digitizing the Sound  The analog-to-digital converter digitizes the analog sound flowing to sound cards  Several factors in the sampling process affect the quality of the sound during playback: –Sampling rate –Audio resolution –Mono or stereo recording

42. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices42 Installing a Sound Card  After you are properly grounded, turn off the PC, remove the cover, and locate an empty expansion slot for the card  Attach the wire to the sound card and to the CD-ROM drive  Remove the cover from the slot opening at the rear of the PC and seat the card  Check again that both ends of the wire are still connected securely and do not interfere with the CPU fan. Replace the cover  Plug in the speakers to the ports and test

43. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices43 Installing a Sound Card

44. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices44 Troubleshooting Sound Problems  Is the sound cable attached between the drive and the analog audio connector on the sound card?  Are the speakers turned on? Is the speaker volume turned down? Is the volume control for Windows turned down?  Are the speakers plugged into the line “Out” or the “Spkr” port of the sound card?

45. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices45 Troubleshooting Sound Problems  Is the transformer for the speaker plugged into an electrical outlet on one end and into the speakers on the other end?  Is Device Manager displaying a red X to indicate the card is disabled or an exclamation point symbol to indicate a problem with the card? If the card is disabled, enable it. If another device is using the same I/O addresses or IRQ number, assign new resources to the card.  Is the sound card properly seated? To check for a bad connection, turn off the computer, and then remove and reinstall the sound card. If you think the sound card is the source of the problem, replace the card with one you know is good.

46. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices46 Digital Cameras

47. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices47 Video Cameras and Digital Video Cameras  Video input is the process of capturing full motion images into a computer and storing them on a storage medium  A video capture card converts the analog signals from a video camera, VCR, or television for storage  Digital video (DV) cameras record video as digital signals instead of analog signals

48. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices48 MP3 Players  A popular audio compression method is MP3, a method that can reduce the size of a sound file to make it significantly smaller and easier to transfer to and from computers and audio devices, without much loss of quality  An MP3 player is a device that plays MP3 files

49. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices49 Chapter Summary  In this chapter, you learned: –About how peripherals work –How to connect peripherals using ports, wireless connections, and expansion slots –About input and output devices –About multimedia technologies

50. Understanding and Troubleshooting Your PC Chapter 6 Complete