1. Children and e-society: European research findings on opportunities and risks INFuture2011: Information Sciences and e-Society University of Zagreb, November 9, 2011 Brian O’Neill, Gov. of Ireland Senior Research Fellow Dublin Institute of Technology

2. Overview 1.Children in e-society – balancing opportunities and risks 2.EU Kids Online – what the data is telling us 3.Fostering participation in e- society. Framing policy and building trust

3. “To enhance knowledge of the experiences and practices of European children and parents regarding risky and safer use of the internet and new online technologies, in order to inform the promotion of a safer online environment for children”. Aim of EU Kids Online

4. Classifying risks (exemplars) Content Child as receiver (of mass productions) Contact Child as participant (adult-initiated activity) Conduct Child as actor (perpetrator / victim) AggressiveViolent / gory contentHarassment, stalkingBullying, hostile peer activity SexualPornographic content ‘Grooming’, sexual abuse or exploitation Sexually harassment, ‘sexting’ ValuesRacist / hateful content Ideological persuasionPotentially harmful user-generated content CommercialEmbedded marketing Personal data misuse Gambling, copyright infringement Note: risks in bold are included in the survey

5. EU Kids Online Survey 2009-11 Funded by the EC Safer Internet Programme Fieldwork in spring/summer 2010; interviews conducted at home, face to face Random stratified sample: ~ 1000 9-16 year olds in 25 countries, Informed by national stakeholders and an international advisory panel The survey covered access, use, activities, risks (sexual images, sexual messages, bullying, meeting strangers), parental mediation, vulnerability, coping – directly comparable across countries

6. How do children use the internet? Usage Where How Amount Skills Etc. What do children do online? Activities Learn Create Play Meet people Hang out Try new things Bully others Etc. What online factors shape their experience? Opportunities / Risks Positive content User-generated content Sexual content/ messages Stranger contact Bullying Personal data misuse Etc. What are the outcomes for children? Benefits / Harms Learning Self-esteem Sociality Values In/excluded Coping/resilience Bothered/upset Abuse Etc. Project scope Project focus

7. CHILDREN IN E-SOCIETY – balancing opportunities and risks

8. Children in e-society Opportunities Risks

9. EU Legislation and regulation 1996: Green Paper on the protection of minors and human dignity; 1996: Communication on illegal and harmful content on the Internet; 1998/2006: Recommendations on the protection of minors and human dignity; 1999: Multiannual action plan on promoting safer use of the Internet 2002: Resolution on the protection of consumers, in particular young people, through the labelling of certain video games and computer games according to age group; 2007: Audiovisual Media Services Directive (formerly TwFD1989); 2007: European Framework for Safer Mobile Use by Young Teenagers and Children; 2007: Communication on media literacy 2008: Third instalment of the Safer Internet Programme 2009-13 2008: Communication on the protection of consumers, in particular minors, in respect of the use of video games; 2009: Safer Social Networking Principles for the EU

10. EU Kids Online – what the data is telling us

11. Use at home is high  87% use at home  49% have in bedroom  Privatised use is growing  SES and age matter more than gender  National variation

12. Mobile access growing  12% handheld devices  And 22% have mobile access  Flexible access is growing  Age and SES matter  National variation Ways of going online

13. Internet embedded in daily life, users are getting younger  57% use every day or almost daily  92% use at least weekly  86 minutes online in an average day (see graph)  SES matters especially for daily use: 64% high SES vs. 49% low SES  Age matters also for daily use: 33% 9-10 yrs vs. 77% 15-16 yrs  Children first go online at 9 yrs old: at 7 for 9-10 yrs, at 11 for 15-16 yrs Minutes per day online

14. Multiple opportunities  Average 7 of 17 activities in past month  Schoolwork tops the list  Then content produced by others  Also communication – IM, SNS, email  Webcams popular among teens  Chat rooms less common overall  Creating content is still less common  Few gender differences except games  Age differences are substantial

15. User types 1.Low use/learning oriented2.Low use/SNS oriented3.Moderate use4.Diverse and risky opportunities5.High use/entertainment oriented6.Focused social web use

17. Uneven digital skills  Average 4 skills claimed by each child  Teens more skilled, 11-12 year olds lack basic skills  Boys claim more skills  Most skills (4+) in FI, SI, NL, EE, least skills (<3) in HU, RO, IT, TR  36% (though only 13% 9-10 year olds) say it’s very true that “I know a lot more about the internet than my parents”

18. Overall subjective harm “By bothered, we mean, made you feel uncomfortable, upset, or feel that you shouldn’t have seen it”  55% think there are things online that bother people their age  12% have been bothered themselves  8% parents say their child has been bothered  9-10 year olds less likely to be bothered  More children have been bothered in DK, EE, RO, SE, NL  Fewest say this in IT, PT, FR, DE

19. More opportunities, more risks

20. FOSTERING PARTICIPATION IN E-SOCIETY – framing policy and building trust

21. The ladder of opportunities Opportunities (and risks) Stage 5: Advanced. Creative. File-sharing, blogging, virtual worlds Stage 4: Playing. Sharing Content Stage 3: Interactive. Communication. Reading/watching news. Stage 2: Information and entertainment. YouTube Stage 1: Popular internet uses. Content-related

22. Needs of younger users Provision for younger children online should be a priority. The “European Award for Best Children’s Online Content” is a valuable step in this direction, but such provision could also be supported by high profile national initiatives.

23. Socio-economic divides and digital difference  For children who lack convenient broadband access, governments should ensure that digital exclusion does not compound social exclusion.  It is important that while all should benefit from public information resources, special efforts are made to ensure these reach the disadvantaged or information-poor.

24. Digital Citizenship A focus on empowerment rather than restriction of children’s usage, emphasising responsible behaviour and digital citizenship, treating children as a competent, participatory group encouraging self- governing behaviour. Children & esociety GovernmentIndustrySchoolsParentsCivil Society

25. Thank you Email: brian.oneill@dit.iebrian.oneill@dit.ie More at www.eukidsonline.net