1. DEMO R&D needs M. Q. Tran based on the report by the CCE-Fu –F4E Working Group on DEMO: P. Batistoni, S. Clement Lorenzo, K. Kurzydlowski, D. Maisonnier, G. Marbach, M. Noe, J. Paméla, D. Stork, J. Sanchez, M.Q. Tran (Chair) and H. Zohm 13.04-20111Fusion Workshop

2. Plan Introduction: The international strategy towards the realisation of fusion The role of DEMO Physics issues Technology issues IFMIF BA and DEMO Conclusion: some personal views 13.04-20112Fusion Workshop

3. DEMO and the road map towards the realisation of fusion “Fast track”: combination of Demo and Proto 13.04-20113Fusion Workshop

4. 4 DEMO presented at Villamoura IAEA conference (2004) 13.04-2011

5. Comparison between a few scenarios EFDA STAC report 2007 13.04-20115Fusion Workshop

6. - 6 - Definition of DEMO 2040sCFPP 2030sDEMO 2007 - KSTA R 2015 - ITER - Long-pulse high performance steady-state operation research - Commercial usage - Reliable & economic - D-T burning plasma - 500 MW, Q~10 - Test blanket module - Fusion technology - Large-scale power generation - Economical viability(?) - Fusion power plant design and operation technology ? M. Kwon et al. ISFNT 2007 13.04-20116Fusion Workshop Korea

7. Fusion Workshop7 Energy needs &Indian Fusion Road Map ADITYA Tokamak 1986 Steady State Physics and related technologies SST-1 2004 scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy ITER Participation 2005 Qualification of Technologies Qualification of reactor components & Process DEMO 2037 Indigenous Fusion Experiment SST-2 2022 Fusion Power Reactor Power Plant 2050 R. B. Grover et al., Energy Policy (2006) 2834 S. P. Deshpande et al. ISFNT 2007 13.04-2011 India

8. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop8 USA

9. EU-Ja Broader Approach EU and Japan are joining competencies in the frame of the Broader Approach towards DEMO 201020152020202520302035 2005 ITER Construction Extended Operation Basic Operation Blanket Test Blanket Development Decomm. Blanket and Technology Development IFMIF Design Construct. Fusion Materials Test and Optimisation Design Concept Studies Construction Operation DEMO Commercial Power Plant Development TODAY’s EXPTs. TECH. R&D Physics Programme in Current Facilities (JET, DIIID, JT-60, Other Facilities) 913.04-2011Fusion Workshop

10. DEMO concepts DEMO should be based on the tokamak concept Stellarator should require at least one intermediate step following the W7-X class of device The Group recommends to pursue an active stellarator programme in view of the intrinsic advantages of the stellarator concept 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop10

11. The roles of DEMO (1) DEMO should be able to deliver to the grid significant net electricity power (several hundreds of MW) in steady state during an extended period of time (to be defined during the operation schedule). Steady state electricity production even with a long pulse plasma (10 hours) with a short dwell time (15 minutes) is possible with energy storage, which is not a cost driver. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop11

12. The roles of DEMO (2) Qualification of key components for a fusion power plant A list of physics and technology issues were identified It is important to mention that an integrated design is needed and both physics (plasma scenarios) and technology must be included, so that constraints from both fields be taken into account and accommodated 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop12

13. What could be a DEMO workplan? Details could be found in the report of the Group The EFDA Power Plant Physics and Technology Annex of the Implementing Agreement makes use of the recommendations of the report. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop13

14. Physics issues Steady state operation at high bootstrap fraction, MHD limits, ITB formation… Operation at high density (above the Greenwald limit) Power exhaust linked to the power handling capability of PFC and first wall Disruptions Control: issue of diagnostics sensors and actuators (H&CD, fuelling) 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop14

15. Technology (1) Beyond ITER, there are still several major technology issues to be addressed and solved for DEMO: o Enabling technologies o Material characterisation o Nuclear and engineering lifetime performance of in vessel components, especially breeding blankets (T self sufficiency) and divertor/PFC 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop15

16. Technology (2) Overarching considerations: Maintenance (including issues of remote handling), availability, and efficiency. The fields of R&D :H&CD technology, In vessel components, Tritium handling system and Fuel cycle, Diagnostics and Control, Remote Handling, Superconducting magnets, Materials, Power plant and General issue about availability and efficiency. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop16

17. Technology (2) Divertor and maintenance deserve the highest priority attention in future R&D programmes, since they will be crucial for the success of DEMO and of the realisation of fusion. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop17

18. DEMO and IFMIF The need for IFMIF (versus other spallation sources) (Cf. Talk by A. Moeslang tomorrow): 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop18 Ref. E. Pritcher, Fusion Material Irradiation at the Materila Test Station, LA-Ur-07-6217 Issue of transmutation caused by the neutrons in this part of the spectrum?

19. DEMO and IFMIF IFMIF is part of the programme which includes DEMO device. IFMIF main milestones: June 2015: Start of experiments on the accelerator prototype; June 2017: End of studies in the frame of BA. In the present financial planning (until the end of ITER construction), IFMIF construction is not within the budget of 6.6 b€ of F4E. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop19

20. BA activities It is agreed between EU and Japan that during the next phase of the DEMO Joint Work, will be subdivided into 3 Phases: Phase-2a includes the definition of DEMO technical requirements (~3 years), Phase-2b the analysis of possible engineering choice (~2 years), and Phase-2c the Conceptual Design Activities (CDA) of one or two (or three) possible DEMO concepts 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop20

21. Some personal views as conclusion (1) We need to converge on a DEMO concept with the ultimate goal to achieve as early as possible a power plant : 1.Early DEMO : how early is early? Will it really help us move faster to a power plant? Pros and cons, risk assessment. 2.Steady state plasma versus 10 h type of plasma with energy storage (to have a steady state electricity production). 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop21

22. Some personal views as conclusion (2) A realistic roadmap for DEMO and an indicative one for a power plant should then be drawn. This vision would be helpful for the relation with industry. A critical assessment (including priorities) of the R&D requirements should be made after a concept review and choice is performed. These requirements should be translated in the Accompanying Programme. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop22

23. Some personal views as conclusion (3) A team (physicist, engineer and industry) should be formed to perform pre-conceptual study of DEMO. Issues must be solved by the 3 communities: no «Someone else problem» or worst «Let the other community solved our problem» attitude. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop23

24. Some personal views as conclusion (4) While it is generally agreed that industry should be involved, theindustrial strategy, instruments and related funding are still to be defined. RAMI must be accounted for from the start in the programme: the community is still lacking data on reliability and availabilty of many of the components. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop24

25. Some personal views as conclusion (5) Availability of electricity production will be a key issue when DEMO will be connected to the grid 13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 25 The goal of DEMO availability when connected to the grid (horizontal scale = time, arbitrary and non linear, vertical axis: electricity production) (Actual availability during one year of 1 GWe NPP) Planned shut down Fusion Workshop

26. Some personal views as conclusion (6) Human resources ( and, related to it, a clear funding situation for DEMO ) will be a key issue to be able to start and sustain a vibrant DEMO programme: we cannot and should not have a stop and go programme. 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop26

27. Thank you for your attention 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop27

28. Additional material from the report 13.04-2011Fusion Workshop28

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