1. Ch 1-Introduction to Earth Science
Objectives
Describe the 2 cultures that contributed to modern scientific study
Name the 4 branches of Earth Science
Discuss how Earth Scientists help us understand the world around us
Identify the steps that make up scientific methods
Analyze how scientific thought changes as new info is collected
Explain how science affects society

2. Scientific Study of Earth
What is Earth Science?
Study of Earth and the universe around it
Explain what makes up Earth
Chinese-Earthquakes in 780 BC
Greeks-Rocks and minerals about 200 BC
Maya-Movements of sun, moon, planets, created calendars

3. 4 Branches of Earth Science
What has made observations and knowledge of Earth Science more possible?
Technology
How?
Geology
Study of the origin, history processes, and structure of solid Earth
What exactly do they study?

4. Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy
Study of Earth’s oceans
How much of Earth’s surface does oceans actually cover?
Meteorology
Study of Earth’s atmosphere
How do scientists do this?
Astronomy
Study of universe beyond Earth
One of oldest branches of Earth Science
Environmental Science-Study of how humans interact w/ their environment, study of natural resources, pollution, health of plant and animal species on Earth, study effects of industries and technologies on environment

5. Importance of Earth Science
Why is Earth Science important?
Predict potential disasters
By studying rock layers, Geologists have found clues to Earth’s past environments and to evolution of life on planet
Help gain access to Earth’s resources

6. Sec 2: Science as Process
What is the scientific method?
A way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments
Steps that make up scientific methods
Ask a question-about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where?
In order for the scientific method to answer the question it must be about something that you can measure, preferably with a number
Collect observations using senses

7. Construct a hypothesis-an educated guess about how things work
If _______ (I do this)_______, than _(this)__ will happen
You must state your hypothesis in a way that you can easily measure, your hypothesis should be constructed in a way to help you answer your original question
The quantities that are measured are called variables-any factor, trait, or condition that exist in differing amounts or types
Independent, dependent, controlled

8. Lets set up a scientific method problem
Independent variable-the one that is changed or manipulated by the scientist
Must be measurable, changeable
Dependent variable-variable depends and changes based on what happens with independent variable
Must be measurable
Controlled variables-quantities that must remain constant for an accurate experiment
Most experiments have more than one controlled variable, also known as constant variables
Control group- group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor
Lets set up a scientific method problem

9. Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
Experimental group and control group
Hypothesis true or false
Important for it to be fair test
Repeat experiment several times. Why?
Analyze your data and draw a conclusion
Collect measurements and analyze them to see if hypothesis is true or false
If false, construct new hypothesis
Share results

10. Acceptance of Scientific Ideas
Scientists present work in scientific journals or professional meetings, published online
What if there is an error or mistake in work?
Peer review
What is a theory?
Explanation that is consistent w/ all existing tests and observations, based on scientific laws

11. How science affects society
Science is used to develop new technologies, new tools, machines, material processes, positive and negative effects