2. The Renaissance Means “rebirth” or “revival” Followed Medieval Age / Dark Ages Marked by a surge in creative energy between 1400’s- 1600’s Humanism: People became more curious about life on Earth rather than preparing for the afterlife, so they began to focus on the individual and human potential.

3. King Henry VII 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509 First of the Tudor Monarchs Queen Elizabeth I 7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603 Last of the Tudor Monarchs King Henry VIII 28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547 Second Tudor Monarch

4. A Time of... Shakespeare Galileo Columbus The Printing Press Theater and Literature New Translation of the Bible: King James Bible

5. Renaissance Literature Pastoral Poems and Sonnets Poets vied with one another to see who could create the most highly polished, technically perfect poems Elizabethan poets created ingenious metaphors, elaborate allegories, and complex analogies for the purpose of beautifying nature within the structure of the sonnet.

6. Renaissance Literature William Shakespeare  Most successful Renaissance poet and playwright  Contributed 154 Sonnets  37 Plays: tragedies, comedies, and histories  Plays focused on human complexities rather than religious themes  Built Globe Theatre in London  After 1649, Puritans closed theaters.

7. Humanism About the worth and importance of the individual About the spiritual value of beauty in nature and art About the power of human reason to decide what was good and right Humanists studied the humanities (art, history, philosophy, and literature)—subjects that were human rather than sacred—and looked to the classics for wisdom and guidance. Often devout Christians who criticized European society and the church for falling short

8. Humanism Famous humanist: Sir Thomas More He did not like how the world was being run and believed humans could do better Published Utopia in 1516 Humanist movement led to translations of Virgil’s Aeneid, Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey.