1. Introduction Course overview History of Oceanography Intro to Earth

2. Course web page chem.winthrop.edu Click on Courses on left column Find GEOL 220 link Syllabus, topic outlines, schedule, etc.

3. Interdisciplinary Biology Chemistry Physics Geology Geography Political Science Mathematics Computer Science

4. History of Oceanography Early Middle Ages Age of Discovery Discovery with Science Modern Oceanography Different motivations at different times

5. The Oceans Atlantic Pacific Indian Arctic Southern Ocean

6. Early history Reasons: trade, fishing, defense Self centered view of Earth Examples

7. Early history (2) Difficult to navigate without shorelines Phoenicians (approx. 1000 BC) Polynesians (300-600 AD most important)

8. Early history (3) Greeks (approx. 500 BC) –Erasthosthenes (working in Egypt) – circumference of earth –Pliny the Elder – phases of moon and tides –Ptolemy (approx. 150 AD) – vast ocean, used lat and long

9. Middle Ages Very little exploration except Vikings (approx. 1000 AD) Arabs

10. Age of Discovery (1) Travel for economic, political and religious reasons Portugal: –Prince Henry –Dias (1497) –Vasco Da Gama (1498)

11. Age of Discovery (2) Spain Columbus (1492) Vespucci (~1500) Balboa (1513) Magellan (1522)

12. Discovery with Science Discovery with some science James Cook (1768-1780) Ben Franklin (1769) Matthew F. Maury (early 1800s)

13. Purely scientific Challenger Expedition (1872-1876) Extremely significant

14. More for science Voyages of Nansen aboard Fram (end of 1800s) Meteor expedition (1925-27)

15. Modern Oceanography (since 20 th century) International Interdisciplinary Scientific Complex instruments “Modern” technology

16. Modern Oceanography US funding Oceanographic institutes Drill ships, satellites, for example International cooperation

17. Origin of solar system: nebular hypothesis

18. Layered Earth Density stratification Core Mantle Crust Oceans and Atmosphere Lithosphere Asthenosphere

19. Geologic time Details not important here Vast length of time very important Compare to human time