1. Law Enforcement Organization and Administration Chapter 1

2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Modern Day Law Enforcement can be traced to the Metropolitan Police in London, England, created in 1829.

3. Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution in England caused a great surge of an uneducated and poorly trained population to migrate to London. This surge led to an increase in crime, chaos and poverty. These problems led to a proliferation of private and special police forces that served the needs of the diverse interest groups needing protection.

4. British Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel lobbied British Parliament to from a professional organized police force under government control.

5. Metropolitan Police Act Outlined the first duty manual to prevent crime and protect order. Established a police constabulary modeled into a para-military organization with a military style rank structure.

6. Metropolitan Police model was a success and gradually extended to all parts of England and was exported to America. Key component was local control

7. Traditional Management 1750 - 1900 Concept of local control – Each county or city having control of the local police or sheriffs department Department had Centralized Administration – Control from top – Limited decision making at the operational level

8. Pendleton Act – Attempt to limit political influence by the creation of a Civil Service to hire and promote personnel – Placed federal employees under a merit system in an attempt to reduce political interference

9. Scientific Management Model 1900 - Present Scientific Management – emphasis on efficiency, orderliness, and output. – Division of labor – Unity of Command and centralization of decision making – One-way authority – Narrow span of control

10. REFORMERS

11. O. W. Wilson Police Management Principals – Professional police department divorced from politics – Rigorous police personnel selection and training process – Use of latest technology innovations available for law enforcement

12. O. W. Wilson Opposed civil service because it hampered police chiefs from selecting most qualified personnel in selection and promotion Organized police around – Planning – Activating – Controlling

13. William H. Parker LAPD Chief 1950 -1966 – Implemented Scientific Management in the LAPD – Instituted probationary periods for new officers – Developed a method of operation manual – Implemented a research and development division – LAPD became model for hiring standards, recruitment, training, and technology

14. HUMAN RELATIONS MODEL 1925 TO PRESENT

15. Participative Management – The Police Executive is a team leader – Manager is first among equals – People oriented humanistic approach Manager defines limits in which decisions can be made Manager and the group jointly make decisions with limits defined by organizational constraints

16. Behavioral Management 1945 to Present Systems Management 1960 to Present

17. Management By Objectives Goal Orientated Philosophy and Attitude Focus on results, less concerned for method Program evaluation and review techniques – Manner of determining goal achievement Planned programmed budgets – Better identification of expenditures – Tighter control of unit activities Organizational development – Process of building a sound organizational structure

18. Community Policing Incorporates problem-solving policing, which attempts to solve specific crime problems in the community

19. Proactive Police Management 1980 to Present

20. Proactive Police Management Focus Of The Text Objective of policing is crime prevention Strong commitment to community involvement Modern Bureaucracy Full Service Police Department with multi- specialist teams Full use of modern communication

21. Modern budgeting and accounting systems Crisis Management Planning Consultative Management Data Driven Department with full use of technology Emphasis on Operational Utility

22. INNOVATORS

23. WILLIAM BRATTON Instituted crime control planning program known as COMPSTAT (computer statistics) while he was New York City Police Commissioner

24. Lee P. Brown Instituted Neighborhood Oriented Police model in Houston, Texas. Oriented police officer from enforcer of neighborhood beats to problem solver.