1. 1 EQ MASTER PLAN of ISTANBUL EMPI URBAN RISK MANAGEMENT Risk Management in Europe and Asia Workshop October 26-28 Crowne Plaza Istanbul Murat Balamir, METU

2. 2 EMPI Arguments (1) A large number of Risk Sectors prevail in the urban system; buildings constitute only one member of this Family Urban Risk Reduction is a special concern and occupation of socio-spatial urban planning Mainstreaming risk reduction into an urban management system implies new organizational and legal provisions

3. 3 EMPI Arguments (2) To Enhance Urban Resilience: 1.I nvolve many factions of the urban society as possible, for collective management of risks 2. - Consider all possible sets of urban risk sectors extra to natural hazards - Identify parties and stake-holders in each sector to draw protocols for safer conduct safer conduct - Interrelate/ integrate all risk sectors, protocols, and projects with a Mitigation Plan Mitigation Plan 3.Designate High-risk localities for “immediate/ intensive-care”: - prepare special data-base systems for local planning for the management of risks - organize participatory planning procedures - devise new tools for enforcement and finances

4. 4 EMPI is essentially a set of social contracts between identifying responsibilities,commitments, and supervision functions Governorate LocalMunicipalities Enterprises Institutions NGOs Greater City Municipality

5. 5 RISK-SECTORS of EMPI Risks in Macro-Form and Growth Tendencies Urban Fabric Urban Fabric (buildings, plots, coverage, roads, car-parks, etc.) Risks due Incompatible Land-Uses Risks due Incompatible Land-Uses (buildings and districts) Risks of Productivity Losses Risks of Productivity Losses (industrial plants, SMOs) Risks in the Building Stock and Infrastructure Risks in Emergency Facilities Risks in Emergency Facilities (hospitals, schools, etc) Special Risk Areas/ Special Buildings Special Risk Areas/ Special Buildings (historic bldgs) Risks in Hazardous Uses Risks in Hazardous Uses (LPG and petrol stations, etc.) Open Space Deficiency Risks Administrative Incapacities Administrative Incapacities (infrastructure, experts, training, etc.) Risks of alienated communities Risks of alienated communities (LCOs, training, education) External Hazards External Hazards (Accidents, Terrorism, Climatic Extremes)

6. 6 RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES: RISKS DUE TO GROUND MOTION SEVERITY (high PGA)

7. 7 RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES RISKS IN SECTORAL OCCUPATION

8. 8 RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES RISKS DUE ACCESSIBILITY

9. 9 RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES RISKS INFLICTED ON NEIGHBORING USES

10. 10 RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES COMBINED RISK EFFECTS

11. 11 RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONS: Impact Areas

12. 12 RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONS: Affected Population

13. 13 RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONS Neighbouring Hazardous Units

14. 14 COMBINED RISK LEVELS

15. 15 RISK MANAGEMENT FOR HAZARDOUS USES

16. 16 EMERGENCY FACILITIES Hospitals Schools / Dorms Fire Stations PTT, communication Centers Police Stations Admin. Bldgs. Bakeries Banks, Malls, Comm. Complexes Open Areas Bulk Storage Infrastr. Services Centers Pools of Equipment and Vehicles Vacant Buildings

17. 17 Hospital Capacities

18. 18 EMERGENCY-ACCESS CATCHMENT

19. 19 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE GAP

20. 20 REHABILITATION and TRANSFORMATION of HIGH RISK AREAS Real Property Data-base (GIS) Resident Participatory Methods Physical and Social Development Projects Private and Public Partnerships Special Powers of Enforcement Special Financing

21. 21 ISTANBUL without risks 1940s

22. 22 ISTANBUL a high-risk megacity

23. 23 ISTANBUL a high-risk megacity

24. 24 ISTANBUL a high-risk megacity

25. 25 TRANSFORMATION OF ZEYTINBURNU existing stock (%90 unauthorized; %90 ground coverage)

26. 26 ZEYTINBURNU 2004

27. 27 ZEYTINBURNU 2004

28. 28 A RENEWAL ALTERNATIVE with %15 increase in floor space

29. 29 Urban Design Advantages Structural and environmental safety maintained Structural and environmental safety maintained Original mix-use requirements met with higher standards Original mix-use requirements met with higher standards Parking, open air standards upgraded Parking, open air standards upgraded Full authorization achieved Full authorization achieved Pedestrian routes and types of vehicular transportation segregated Pedestrian routes and types of vehicular transportation segregated

30. 30 Organizational Advantages: Partnership between owners, MMI and local municipality Partnership between owners, MMI and local municipality Community management hitherto nonexistent Community management hitherto nonexistent Collective ownership and operation of enterprises Collective ownership and operation of enterprises Local provision of enterprises within housing complex Local provision of enterprises within housing complex Local responsibilities for environmental upkeep Local responsibilities for environmental upkeep

31. 31 Financial Advantages Full financial recovery in 7-15 years in market terms Full financial recovery in 7-15 years in market terms Running costs fully resourced Running costs fully resourced Property values tripled Property values tripled Municipal Tax Base increased Municipal Tax Base increased Full insurance secured Full insurance secured

32. 32 NEW HORIZONS/ PARADIGMS Universally applicable EMPI Approach to Urban Risks, does not only provide a comprehensive scope for Action, but also promise: Organizational reforms in city administrations Changes in procedural routines of planning Rationalization in legal provisions New areas of research/ learning/ specializations New curricular activities in the higher education New responsibilities in professional conduct

33. 33 Thank You for Your Attention