1. Renesas Ultra-Low Power 78K0 8-bit Microcontroller Family
Welcome to the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 Family overview course – one of several online interactive learning courses covering Renesas Electronic’s product line of microcontrollers (MCUs) for cost-sensitive 8-bit embedded systems.
The material presented here bridges the gap between the basic technical information in a product brief and the detailed data in a hardware user’s manual. To get the most out of this course, you should be familiar with microcontrollers and understand the basic issues related to the design and development of embedded control systems.
July 2010
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
1-A

2. Introduction Purpose Objectives Content Learning Time
This course provides an introduction to the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 Family of microcontrollers (MCUs) designed and offered by Renesas Electronics Corporation for cost-sensitive, low power 8-bit embedded applications.
Objectives
Review the requirements of low power 8-bit embedded system applications.
Understand how the 78K0 Family of MCU addresses the requirements of low power applications.
Learn about key features and benefits these MCUs provide and how they facilitate low power system development.
Content
29 pages
3 quiz questions
Learning Time
35 minutes
In this course, we’ll review the main design needs of engineers developing low-power embedded systems and introduce you to the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family of microcontrollers designed to address these needs for 8-bit applications.
We’ll also explore how these low-power, low-cost devices fit into the extensive range of current Renesas products and discuss some of the key benefits these versatile solutions provide to facilitate successful low-power system designs.
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Renesas MCU/MPU Portfolio
Renesas Electronics offers a broad portfolio of microcontroller and microprocessor solutions, from the Ultra-Low Power 8-bit 78K0 running at 10MHz to the superscalar performance of the 600 MHz SH-4A.
In this presentation, we’ll be focusing on the Ultra-Low Power 8-bit 78K0 Family and highlight the low-power features and peripherals to address requirements of low-power, low-cost 8-bit embedded system applications.
For online courses about other Renesas’ microcontroller and microprocessor solutions, please visit Renesas Interactive website at:
78K0
8-bit | 10MHz
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Low Power MCU Selection Criteria
Power consumption in active and standby modes
Multiple operating and standby modes
Set to different operating and standby modes for optimization of current consumption based on required operations.
High peripheral integration
Peripherals built into chip to simplify designs and reduce leakage current draw from external devices.
Current consumption can be optimized by enabling only required peripherals and disabling unused peripherals.
Flexible clocking scheme and various selectable clock sources
Using most efficient clock source for CPU and peripherals can optimize required performance, required operation and current consumption.
Flexible wakeup schemes from standby to active modes
Minimal wakeup time from standby to active can optimize current consumption based on required operation and performance.
There are several important features system engineers need to consider when selecting a microcontroller for low power applications.
One important feature is low power consumption, both in active and standby modes. For low power applications, the MCU will spend most of its time in standby mode. It will then “wake up” to execute a task or set of tasks and return again to standby mode. Power consumption in active and standby modes helps system engineers understand overall current consumption and how to manage their designs for the lowest current consumption possible.
Multiple operating and standby modes is another key consideration when selecting a low power microcontroller. Flexibility to set different operating and standby modes can help optimize current consumption based on required operations.
High peripheral integration, with flexibility in enabling and disabling peripherals, provides even more power saving possibilities. The more on-chip resources the microcontroller provides, the more functionality the system can deliver by minimizing its reliance on external peripherals or devices. This reduces current consumption by minimizing leakage current drawn from external devices when not in use. Flexible enabling and disabling of peripherals can also minimize current consumption by only enabling required peripherals and disabling unused ones.
A Flexible clocking scheme and various selectable clock sources for CPU and peripherals is another important consideration. Performance, operation and current consumption can be optimized by selecting the most efficient clock source for CPU and different peripherals.
Our final, yet important consideration, is flexible wakeup schemes from standby to active modes. Fast and flexible wakeup schemes provide ease in setting the microcontroller to standby mode and wakeup to active mode by interrupt request or reset, based on required operations and performance.
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Top 8 Reasons to Select Ultra-Low Power 78K0 MCUs
Scalable Architecture
78K Platform 1
Short Time
to Market
Renesas’ own outstanding development environment 8
Low current consumption in active and standby modes
Ultra-Low Power 2
Low Power
78K0
Designed for Low Power
Multiple operating and standby modes
RAM data retention in standby
Flexible clocking schemes
Flexible wakeup schemes 3
Robust and secured flash technology
Various programming options
Trusted &
Reliable 7
Reliability
Numerous fail-safe features 6
Advanced
Analog
16-bit delta sigma ADC
Op-amp and PGA 5
Low-System
Cost
High peripheral integration 4
To fulfill system engineers’ design requirements for today’s low power 8-bit embedded system, Renesas Electronics offers the 78K0 family.
There are many reasons to consider the 78K0 family, however in this course we’ll focus on the following:
#1 Scalable architecture
#2 Ultra-low power consumption in active and standby modes
#3 Low power design with multiple operating and standby modes, as well as flexible clocking and flexible wakeup schemes
#4 Low cost system design with high integration of system components and peripherals
#5 Advanced analog features, great for 8-bit low power applications where more precise analog sensing are required
#6 Reliability with many fail-safe features such as power-on-clear, low-voltage indicator and watchdog timer
#7 Trusted and reliable architectures with secure flash technology and various programming options.
#8 Short time to market
Next we’ll review each one of these features in detail.
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

6. 78K0 Ultra-Low Power 8-bit MCU Family Line-up
General Purpose
78K0/Kx2-L
16- to 48-pin
Segment LCD
78K0/Lx3
48- to 80-pin
8 KB
4 KB
16 KB
32 KB
20SSOP
30SSOP
44/48LQFP
16SSOP
24 KB
48 KB
60 KB
52LQFP
64LQFP
80LQFP
Let’s start with Scalable Architecture.
Scalability provides design flexibility, making it easy to choose a microcontroller with the right combination of I/O memory size and functionality at the right price. This is one of the strengths of the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 Family.
The Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family consists of two series. For General purpose the is 78K0/ Kx2-L series. This series offers a good range of flash memory sizes and pin counts as illustrated here.
For applications requiring a built-in LCD controller, designers can take advantage of the 78K0/Lx3 series. This series offers flash memory from 8 KB to 60 KB in packages up to 80-pins.
With these two series, the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family offers a good selection of low power 8-bit microcontrollers based on the same 78K0 CPU core and compatible peripheral sets.
Broad line-up
From 4 KB to 60 KB Flash
16- to 80-pin packages
Extensive product offering
General purpose and LCD controllers
Scalable Architecture 1
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Ultra-Low Power 78K Platform
78K0 Family belongs to ’78K Platform’
Common instructions
78K0 and 78K0R share common 53 instructions
78K0R have extended 16-bit instructions
Multitude of options and levels of integration
Common development environment
1 MB space
3-stage pipeline
2-channel DMA
16 to 128 KB flash
20 MHz
78K0R
16-bit
Upward Compatibility
Common instructions
78K0
8-bit
16- to 80-pin
4 to 60 KB flash
10 MHz
If application requirements grow beyond the capability of the 78K0 family, designers can consider the Ultra-Low Lower 78K0R 16-bit microcontroller family with higher performance and larger flash offerings. Both the 78K0 and 78K0R share common instruction sets, with the 78K0R offering having additional extended 16-bit instruction sets.
Both the 78K0 and 78K0R also share a common hardware and software development environment.
Scalable Architecture 1
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

8. 78K0: 8-bit CPU Core Core - 8-bit CISC Architecture
Fast Interrupt - Dedicated Interrupt Vector Table + 4 Priority Levels A X B C D E H L
16-bit (Register Pair)
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
8-bit
System Bus
Interface
Register Bank 3
Address/Data Bus
Register Bank 2
Address Bus
Register Bank 1
ALU
Control Signals
Register Bank 0
The 78K0 CPU core is an optimized 8-bit CISC architecture that operates at clock speeds up to 10MHz for the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family. It has four general-purpose register banks that consist of eight 8-bit registers. Each register can be used as an 8-bit register or two 8-bit registers can be used in a pair as a 16-bit register (AX, BC, DE and HL) to take full advantage of the instruction set and boost execution speed.
These general-purpose registers can be used for instruction execution and interrupts, allowing the CPU to alternate between banks for fast interrupt response and context switching for fast CPU processing.
The 78K0 CPU support fast interrupt response and feature a dedicated 64-byte area for an interrupt vector table that resides in the internal flash program memory space. The program start addresses for generation of each interrupt request are stored in the interrupt vector table area. Four interrupt priority levels can be set to optimize for which interrupt requests should be serviced first.
More details on the 78K0 CPU core can be found in the “CPU Architecture” chapter in any one of the 78K0 series User’s Manuals.
Next we’ll cover some of the low power features, but first a quick pop quiz.
Stack
Pointer
Program Counter
Program Status Word
Program Status Word
Interrupt
Controller
Bit
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Ultra-Low Power Consumption
General-Purpose (78K0/Kx2-L)
General Purpose w/ LCD Controller (78K0/Lx3)
2.2mA
@10MHz
1.9mA
@10MHz
2.41uA
220uA/ MHz
220uA/ MHz
1.13uA
0.3uA
1uA
A key consideration for low-power design is power consumption in active and standby modes.
In low power applications, the microcontroller or the entire system will spend most of the time in sleep or “STOP” mode where the CPU and peripherals are inactive. The system will wake-up periodically to have the microcontroller execute instructions, do some fast processing, and then go back to sleep.
In some low power applications, the microcontroller and system will need to keep time with a real-time counter peripheral active and a 32kHz clock source supplied for the real-time counter.
Low power consumption in active and standby modes can help achieve overall low power consumption requirements based on the design’s power budget.
Overall power consumption of the 78K0/Kx2-L and 78K0/Lx3 are low from active to STOP mode.
Power consumption of the 78K0/Kx2-L in active mode at 10MHz is 2.2mA and 1.13uA in HALT mode with 32kHz clock running, real-time counter with calendar functions active. In STOP mode the 78K0/Kx2-L uses only 0.3uA.
Power consumption of the 78K0/Lx3 in active mode at 10MHz is 1.9mA, 2.41uA in HALT mode with 32kHz clock running and real-time counter active and 1uA in STOP mode.
Kx2-L
Lx3
Kx2-L
Lx3
Kx2-L
Lx3
Active
High Speed, 3V
HALT Mode
(32kHz + RTC), 3V
STOP Mode, 3V
Ultra-Low Power 2
Typical current consumption values are shown
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Multiple Operating and Standby Modes
Stop peripherals that cannot operate in STOP, STOP instruction
Active
HALT
STOP
CPU
Port I/O
16-bit timer
Real-Time Counter
Flash Memory
Safety-Features
POC, LVI
Watchdog Timer
CPU Clock
Ext. Interrupts
Sub-system Clock
RAM
8-bit timer
Analog Peripherals
UART
CSI
I2C
Retain
Count clock
w/ 32kHz clock
8-bit timer serial clock
Wakeup by addr match
w/ ext. clock
How to set modes
HALT instruction
Another key consideration for low-power design is having multiple operating and standby modes.
The 78K0 line offers multiple operating and standby modes to optimize required operations and minimize power consumption. The three main operating modes are Active, HALT and STOP.
In Active mode (sometimes called Normal mode), the microcontroller device is fully operational and the CPU and all peripherals are active.
In HALT mode (sometimes called Wait mode), the CPU is turned off but all peripherals can operate from any of the available clock sources. In this mode, power consumption can be reduced by over 99 percent when compared to the Active mode.
In STOP mode, the CPU and its peripherals can be put into deep-standby condition. Some fail-safe peripherals, such as power-on-clear, low-voltage indicator and watchdog timer are still operating to ensure reliable operations even in STOP mode.
The Real-time counter can operate in HALT and STOP modes if a 32 kHz external clock is provided. One notable feature is that RAM data is retained in HALT and STOP modes.
HALT and STOP modes can be easily configured using executable instructions.
Designed
for Low Power 3
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Flexible Peripherals Enable/ Disable
Peripherals - Enabled/ disabled by register settings
Watchdog timer, int. low-speed oscillator, LVI default setting, on-chip debug – Enabled/ disabled by option bytes
16-bit Timer
8-bit Timer
Real-Time
Counter
TMC00 register
TMC5x, TMHMDx registers
RTC00 register
Clock Output
CKS register
10-bit ADC
ADMx registers
16-bit ADC
ADDCTLx register
Op-Amp
AMPxM register
UART
ASIMx registers
CSI/ SPI
CSIMxx registers
I2C
IICACTLx register
LCD Controller
LCDM register
LVI
LVIM registers
WDT
Option byte (0080H)
OCD
Option byte (0084H)
Int. low-speed
oscillator
RCM register, Option byte (0080H)
Int. 4 or 8MHz
RCM register
All the peripherals for 78K0 family can be enabled and disabled through easy register settings or option bytes setting. There are dedicated register bytes to enable and disable each peripheral and option byte areas to enable fail-safe features such as a watchdog timer and low-voltage indicator, as well as an internal low-speed oscillator for the watchdog timer and on-chip debugger.
Power consumption can be optimized by enabling required peripherals and disabling unused ones.
Designed
for Low Power 3
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Flexible Clocking Schemes
Ext. Crystal
(X1, X2)
fprs/13
Peripheral
fxh
Peripheral Clock
Switch
fprs
Prescaler
1-10MHz
Selector
Ext. Clock
(EXCLK)
fprs
LCD Driver
Int. Oscillator
Select 8MHz
or 4MHz
by option byte
8MHz
Main System
Clock Switch
fxp
Prescaler or
fih
4MHz
fxp/16
fxp/8
fxp/4
CPU
fcpu
Subsystem 32kHz
Selector
fxp/2
fxp
Ext. 32kHz Crystal
(XT1, XT2)
fsub/2 or
32kHz
Ext. 32kHz Clock
(EXCLKS)
fsub
Real-time Counter,
Clock Output,
There are multiple clock sources available for the 78K0 CPU and its peripherals, allowing for optimization of performance and operation by utilizing the most efficient clock source.
Options for multiple clock sources include
Using an external main system for the external clock (EXCLK pin) or external crystal or resonator (X1 and X2 pins). An external main system can be used as a clock source for the CPU and peripherals, except for the real-time counter and watchdog timer.
2) The Internal high-speed oscillator can also be used as a clock source for the CPU and peripherals, again with exception of the real-time counter and watchdog timer. The 78K0/Kx2-L has an internal high-speed oscillator with a selectable clock frequency of 4MHz or 8MHz clock whereas the 78K0/Lx3 includes a fixed internal high-speed oscillator operating at 8Mhz.
3) A Subsystem clock from an external 32kHz crystal (XT1 and XT2 pins) or external 32kHz clock (EXCLKS pin) is another choice. The Subsystem clock can be used as clock source for the CPU, real-time counter, clock output and LCD controller.
4) The Internal low-speed oscillator is a dedicated clock source for the watchdog timer and can also be used as clock source for one of the 8-bit timers and LCD controller.
The 78K0/Kx2-L have an internal 30kHz low-speed oscillator, while the 78K0/Lx3 features an internal 240kHz low-speed oscillator.
When considering any of these design options, the CPU and peripherals’ clocks can be pre-scaled to the required clock frequency and performance.
LCD Driver
Int. Low-speed
Oscillator
fil
Watchdog Timer,
8-bit Timer H1,
30kHz
240kHz
LCD Driver
Designed
for Low Power 3
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Flexible Wakeup Schemes
Methods to Wakeup from Standby Modes (HALT, STOP)
Interrupt
Reset
In reset, both CPU and subsystem clocks stop
Reset released, CPU run with internal high-speed oscillator
After reset, wakeup time dependent on external crystal, external clock or internal oscillator stabilization time.
HALT mode
CPU clock (external system clock or internal oscillator) continue to run
Subsystem clock continue to run
STOP mode
CPU clock (external system clock or internal oscillator) stop
Flexible wakeup schemes allow the CPU to be in standby mode and then awaken to Active mode when action is when required. This can help optimize current consumption by setting the microcontroller in standby mode when the CPU does not need to be active.
The 78K0 supports flexible wakeup from standby modes (HALT and STOP modes) by interrupt request or reset with minimal wakeup time.
In HALT mode, the CPU clock, which can be either external system clock or internal oscillator, continues to run unless CPU is in RESET. During RESET, both CPU and subsystem clocks are stopped.
In STOP mode, the CPU clock is stopped and subsystem clock can continue to run.
In STOP mode or after reset, wakeup time will be dependent on the external crystal, external clock or internal oscillator stabilization time.
By default after reset is released, the CPU will start to run with the internal high-speed oscillator. To use other clock sources, clock switching can be done easily with software register settings.
Designed
for Low Power 3
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Remote control receiver
Designed for Low-System Cost: High Peripheral Integrations
Timers
Clock output
31.25 kHz - 10 MHz
16-bit timer TM00
1 ch
Watch dog timer
8-bit timer TM5x
1 - 3 ch
8-bit timer TMHx
Real-time counter
Calendar function
Buzzer output
610 Hz – 9.77 kHz
Communications
Remote control receiver
UART
1 - 2 ch
CSI (SPI)
0 - 2 ch
Multi-master I2C
0 - 1 ch
System
Power-on-clear
Low voltage indicator
16 selectable voltages
78K0 8-bit CPU
10 MHz
1.8V - 5.5V
-40 to +85C
On-chip debug/
programming
Analog
Clocks
10-bit SAR ADC ch
Internal OSC
4 MHz or 8 MHz
Op-amps
0 - 2 ch
Ultra-low power 78K0 microcontrollers with high peripheral integrations are designed with low-system cost in mind.
Integrated peripherals can help simplify designs and also reduce current consumption whereas external devices can draw additional leakage current when not in use. With more integrated peripherals, current consumption can be minimized by enabling or disabling peripherals based on design requirements, thereby eliminating leakage current from any unused peripherals.
Many peripherals are integrated in ultra-low power 78K0. These peripherals include:
A good mix of 8-bit and 16-bit timers that can be used for a variety of functions such as an interval timer or event counter as well as generating PWM output, square wave output or uses as a carrier generator
A Real-time counter with calendar function and alarm interrupt;
Multiple communication interfaces, such as UART, SPI and I2C interfaces;
Advanced analog peripherals for precise analog sensing (16-bit delta sigma ADC, operational amplifier, programmable gain amplifier and 10-bit ADC);
An LCD driver that can drive up to 288 LCD segments;
And multiple clock sources, available for CPU and peripherals, and System safety features, such as power-on-clear, low-voltage indicator with up to 16 selectable threshold voltages and watchdog timer with its own internal oscillator.
In the next few slides, we’ll uncover more details regarding some of the more specialized peripherals available in the ultra-low power 78K0, such as real-time counter, advanced analog components (16-bit ADC and operational amplifiers) and safety features.
Keep in mind that additional details concerning peripherals can be found in the different 78K0 family series User’s Manuals within dedicated chapters.
But first, let’s look at the peripherals and features available in each of the ultra-low power 78K0 family series (78K0/Kx2-L and 78K0/Lx3).
External clock
1 MHz to 10 MHz
16-bit delta-sigma ADC
0 - 3 ch
Memory
Flash size: 4 KB-60 KB
Int. WDT OSC
30 kHz or 240 kHz
LCD Driver
RAM size: 384B-2 KB
Sub-clock
kHz
Up to 288 segments
Low-System
Cost 4
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

15. 78K0/Kx2-L Series Block Diagram
System
Timers
Clock output
31.25 kHz - 10 MHz
16-bit timer TM00
1 ch
Watch dog timer
Clocks
Int. WDT OSC
30 kHz
Internal OSC
4 MHz or 8 MHz
Sub-clock
kHz
78K0 8-bit CPU
10 MHz
1.8V - 5.5V
-40 to +85C
Low voltage indicator
1.91V V
On-chip debug/
programming
Power-on-clear
1.61V
Communications
UART
Analog
10-bit SAR ADC ch
8-bit timer TM5x
1 - 2 ch
8-bit timer TMHx
Digital I/O
Key interrupt pins
0 - 6 lines
GP I/O Pins
I/O lines
External interrupt pins
lines
CSI (SPI)
0 - 2 ch
Real-time counter
Calendar function
Multi-master I2C
Op-amps
Memory
Flash size: 4 KB-32 KB
RAM size: 384B-1 KB
Here we see the peripherals and features available in 78K0/Kx2-L Series. The 78K0/Kx2-L is a simple, low power 8-bit microcontroller with rich integration of peripherals, ideal for low-system cost.
Peripherals integrated into the 78K0/Kx2-L include:
A Good mix of 8-bit and 16-bit timers;
Real-time counter with calendar function;
Clock output controller that outputs a clock signal at frequencies from kHz to 10 MHz;
Multiple serial interfaces (UART, SPI and I2C);
Advanced analog peripherals (operational amplifier, programmable gain amplifier and 10-bit ADC);
Multiple clock sources for CPU and peripherals;
and Safety features including Power-on-clear, Low-voltage indicator and a Watchdog timer with its own internal oscillator.
Memories available in 78K0/Kx2-L include flash memory from 4 kilobytes to 32 kilobytes and RAM memory from 384 bytes to 1 kilobyte.
Now that we’ve covered features of the 78K0/Kx2-L, let’s take a look at the 78K0/Lx3 series.
Low-System
Cost 4
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

16. 78K0/Lx3 Series Block Diagram
Memory
System
Timers
Buzzer output
610 Hz – 9.77 kHz
Real-time counter
Calendar function
16-bit timer TM00
1 ch
Watch dog timer
Clocks
Int. WDT OSC
240 kHz
Internal OSC
8 MHz
Sub-clock
kHz
78K0 8-bit CPU
10 MHz
1.8V - 5.5V
-40 to +85C
Low voltage indicator
1.93V V
On-chip debug/
programming
Power-on-clear
1.59V
Manchester code
generator
Flash size: 8 KB-60 KB
RAM size: 512B-2 KB
LCD Driver
Up to 288 segments
Analog
10-bit SAR ADC
0 - 8 ch
16-bit delta-sigma ADC
0 - 3 ch
8-bit timer TM5x
3 ch
8-bit timer TMHx
Digital I/O
Key interrupt pins
3 - 8 lines
GP I/O pins
I/O lines
External interrupt pins
5 - 7 lines
Communications
Remote control receiver
UART
2 ch
CSI (SPI)
1 - 2 ch
The 78K0/Lx3 is a simple, low power 8-bit LCD microcontroller with rich integration of peripherals; another ideal contender when low-system cost is a requirement.
Peripherals and features available in 78K0/Lx3 Series include:
A Good mix of 8-bit and 16-bit timers;
Real-time counter with calendar function;
Clock and buzzer output controller that can generate a square wave output buzzer frequency from 610 Hz to 9.77 kHz;
Multiple serial interfaces (UART and SPI);
Remote controller receiver function;
Advanced analog peripherals including a 16-bit delta-sigma ADC and 10-bit ADC
LCD controller that drives up to 288 LCD segments;
Multiple clock sources for CPU and peripherals;
and Safety features including Power-on-clear, Low-voltage indicator and a Watchdog timer with its own internal oscillator
Memories available in 78K0/Lx3 are flash memory from 8 kilobytes to 60 kilobytes and RAM memory from 512 bytes to 2 kilobytes.
Now, let’s take a look at some of the more specialized peripherals available in ultra-low power 78K0 Family.
Low-System
Cost 4
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Real-Time Counter (Calendar Function)
Free running in STOP mode without CPU intervention
Consumes 0.15 uA
Counters for year, month, week, day, hour, minute and second. Counting up to 99 years.
AM/PM setting function
Alarm interrupt function: week, hour or minute
Clock outputs of 1 Hz, 512 Hz, kHz or kHz
Constant-period interrupt function (0.5 seconds to 1 month)
RTCC0
RTCC2
Year
32 kHz Clock
Month
Day
Week
Hour
Min
Sec
RTCC1
Week Alarm
Hour Alarm
Min Alarm
1 Hz
512 Hz/ 16 kHz/32 kHz
INT
One of the more specialized features available in both 78K0/Lx3 and 78K0/Kx2-L Series is the real-time counter that supports calendar function. This is a free-running real-time counter that runs in standby mode (HALT or STOP) without CPU intervention, as long as a 32kHz sub-clock is available as the clock for the real-time counter. Current consumption for this real-time counter is only 0.15uA when enabled, which is ideal for low-power applications that still need to maintain calendar time in standby mode.
One of the key features of this real-time counter is dedicated counters and registers for year, month, week, day, hour, minute and second that support overflow count. AM/PM (with hour count from 1 to 12) or military time (with hour count from 0 to 23) settings can be specified in the real-time counter control register.
Other key features include an alarm interrupt function with dedicated alarm registers for minute, hour and weekday (Monday through Sunday) to set the alarm time as well as generation of clock outputs of 1 Hz, 512 Hz, kHz or kHz. These generated clock outputs can be used as a clock source for external devices.
Most 8-bit microcontrollers available in the market today use general purpose 8-bit or 16-bit timers to generate interval count which require system engineers to write software to translate the interval count into calendar time. This is not a sufficient method to keep calendar time. Having a true real-time counter with calendar function simplifies the design.
Low-System
Cost 4
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Advanced Analog 16-bit delta-sigma ADC (78K0/Lx3)
Op-Amp and Programmable Gain Amplifier (78K0/Kx2-L)
625 kHz/ ms min.
2.7V – 3.5V
525 kHz/ ms min.
2.7V – 2.85V
2.85V – 5.5V
Single Input
1.25 MHz / ms min.
3.5V – 5.5V
Differential Input
Sampling Clock/ Conversion Time 16-bit
AVref
Differential
ADC Input
ADC reference
16-bit
delta-sigma
ADC
3-ch
10-bit ADC
4 to 11-ch
PGA
(x4 – x32 gain)
ADC Inputs
Op-Amp or
For analog interfaces required in most applications today, engineers can take advantage of some of the advanced analog functions available in Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family.
Advanced analog features include a 16-bit delta-sigma analog to digital converter or ADC, available in 78K0/Lx3 Series, and a programmable gain amplifier and operational amplifier available in the 78K0/Kx2-L Series. Both 78K0/Lx3 and 78K0/Kx2-L Series have 10-bit analog to digital converter.
Let’s go into more detail about 16-bit delta-sigma analog to digital converter, programmable gain amplifier and operational amplifiers available in Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family.
Three-channels of 16-bit delta-sigma ADC are available in the 78K0/Lx3 Series. Each channel includes a pair of analog inputs that can be set as differential inputs or single inputs. Analog inputs are converted to digital signals according to the voltage applied across the differential reference voltage pins (REF- and REF+). The advantage of the 16-bit delta-sigma analog to digital converter is that it can achieve higher resolution, such as 16-bit resolution but at a slower conversion time.
The programmable gain amplifier and operational amplifier available in 78K0/Kx2-L Series support more precise analog sensing with signal amplification.
The programmable gain amplifier (with selectable gains from x4 to x32) amplifies the external analog voltage input, which can then be used as analog input for the 10-bit analog to digital converter.
The operational amplifier also supports precise analog sensing by producing an amplified output voltage that is the difference between the two differential inputs. Just as with the programmable gain amplifier, the output voltage from the operational amplifier can be used as analog input for the 10-bit analog to digital converter. Additionally, It is equipped with output pins so it can also be used as an operational amplifier for external devices.
Low-System
Cost 4
Advanced
Analog 5
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

19. Reliable: Safety Features
Now let's review the next benefit of using Ultra-Low Power 78K0 microcontrollers – Reliability.
For system reliability, power supply monitoring hardware is recommended to enable the system to reset or generate interrupt requests when not enough voltage is supplied to power the system and microcontroller.
Power supply monitoring hardware, such as power-on clear (or POC) and a low-voltage indicator (LVI) or brown-out detection circuit, are included in the 78K0.
Lets take a moment to take a more detailed look at the 78K0 POC circuit.
The 78K0 POC circuit is a “Zero Power” POC circuit that draws no extra current, ideal for low power applications.
The detection voltage of the 78K0 POC circuit at 1.59V or 1.61V, accommodates for the supply voltage rise time as well as reset processing time when reset is released for the voltage to rise to the 78K0's minimum operating voltage of 1.8V.
This guarantees the microcontroller will operate correctly at the operating voltage.
The 78K0 POC circuit detection voltage can be changed to 2.7V by the using option byte.
In addition, 78K0 microcontrollers incorporate a low voltage indicator circuit, which allows the system to monitor fluctuations in the power supply. The LVI can be configured dynamically to detect multiple voltages (up to 16 selectable voltages) and can either generate an interrupt that notifies the CPU when a certain voltage is detected or system reset when a particular voltage is detected to prevent undesirable operating condition. The LVI can easily be enabled or disabled to minimize current consumption. The LVI circuit also includes an external low voltage indicator input pin (or EXLVI pin) with a detection voltage of 1.21V (based on the internal 1.21V reference voltage available to LVI circuit) to allow monitoring of an external power supply.
Reliable 6
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

20. Secure and Reliable Flash Features
Flash Security Setting Bits
Block n
Program Area ……
Individually Selectable by Security Set Command
Disable batch erase (chip erase) *cannot be changed
Disable block erase
Disable write
Disable rewriting to boot cluster 0
Block 8
Block 7
Boot Cluster 1
Block 6
Block 5
Block 4
Block 3
Boot Cluster 0
Block 2
Each Block = 1 KB
Boot Size = 4 KB
Block 1
Block 0
Boot Swap: Secure Self-Flash Programming
Set Boot Flag
Erase Boot0
Power Loss
Boot Swap
New Boot
New Boot
New Boot
Boot0
Boot Cluster 1
New Boot
New Boot
New Boot
Boot0
New Boot
New Boot
New Boot
Reset
New Boot
New Boot
New Boot
Boot0
Boot0
Boot0
New Boot
Boot Cluster 0
Boot0
Boot0
Boot0
New Boot
Boot0
New Boot
As one of the top suppliers of flash memory based microcontrollers, Renesas Electronics continues to take pride in its various flash technologies and has a proven track record of shipping over 2 billion devices without any reported defects due to flash memory failure.
The 78K0 is no exception and offers flash memory based on the same trusted Renesas technology.
The single-voltage flash memory technology used by the 78K0 family has been designed to function reliably and maintain data integrity. Each memory cell is tightly managed by a control block. The block provides advanced features, such as command decoding, timing and voltage control. The control block also prevents inadvertent reading of flash memory.
Additional protection mechanisms are incorporated in the 78K0 microcontrollers to provide additional security by limiting access to the flash memory. Different flash security setting commands are available to disable chip erase (which can not be reversed once set), block erase, and write or rewriting to the boot cluster.
In terms of flexibility, there are two main ways to program the flash memory in 78K0 devices.
The first one is: programmer mode, which takes advantage of the serial or parallel programmers. 78K0 microcontrollers are programmed at operating voltage and do not require a separate high voltage power supply to program the device.
Another method to program the flash memory is through the flash self-programming method by allowing a user application to rewrite the flash memory by using a self-programming library to do remote firmware updates. One of the advantages of the 78K0 flash self-programming method is the boot swap function, which prevents the loss of the bootloader when rewriting the boot area has failed during self-programming due to power failure or some other causes. Loss of the bootloader can cause microcontrollers that require the bootloader for startup to lose the ability to restart after reset or power-up.
How boot swap function works is the utilization of 2 boot clusters. The original bootloader resides in boot cluster 0 (first 4 KB of flash). Before erasing and updating the original bootloader that resides in boot cluster 0, the new bootloader can be written to boot cluster 1 (which resides in next 4 KB of flash after boot cluster 0). When the new bootloader is written to boot cluster 1, boot cluster 1 and boot cluster 0 can be swapped so that boot cluster 1 with new bootloader is used as the boot area.
Renesas Electronics has placed importance in maintaining flash memory data integrity. All Renesas 78K0, 78K0R and V850 flash memory based microcontrollers have a hardware error correction code (or ECC) circuit built-in to correct 1-bit error out of every 32-bit word of flash memory. For every 32-bit word of flash memory, there is 6-bit ECC encryption logic. During flash memory programming, actual data is written to flash memory and to ECC encryption logic as 6-bit encrypted data. During flash memory read, the data from flash memory and encrypted 6-bit data from the ECC encryption logic are put into an ECC decryption logic and the flash memory that is read back is either original data written in flash memory (if there was no flash error) or original data written in flash with 1-bit flash error corrected out of every 32-bit word (if there was 1-bit flash error in the 32-bit word).
The high reliability of 78K0 is not based on having the built-in error correction code, but based on the overall reliability and quality of 78K0 flash.
Boot0
New Boot
Error Correction Code (ECC)
6-bit ECC on every 32-bit word
Correct 1-bit error out of every 32-bit word
Data write and read
No impact on read/ write performance
Trusted &
Reliable 7
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

21. IECUBE Adapters and Sockets
General 78K0 MCU Software and Hardware Tools
CubeSuite
Integrated Development
(Free up to 32KB)
Compiler, Assembler
Debugger
Flash Writer
Code Generator
Pin Configurator
Software
MINICUBE2
On-Chip
Debug
Emulator
IECUBE
IECUBE Adapters and Sockets
In-Circuit
Emulator
Hardware
So far we have reviewed the technical features and low power benefits of the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 microcontrollers. Now let’s explore what Renesas has to offer to reduce development time and allow for short time to market.
Renesas offers a complete set of software and hardware development tools for the 78K0 family.
For software development tools, Renesas offers an integrated development environment called CubeSuite which includes a compiler, Assembler, Debugger, Flash writer, as well as a
Code Generator that automatically generates device driver program code (in C) based on easy configuration settings of different peripheral functions (examples: timers, serial interfaces and analog functions). There is also a Pin Configurator that configures device pins for different multiplex functions or as general purpose inputs or outputs.
For hardware , Renesas offers several useful tools.
First is an On-chip debug emulator called the MINICUBE2, which debugs target 78K0 microcontroller connected to target system and also supports in-system flash programming through the 78K0’s serial UART interface.
Next is an In-circuit emulator called IECUBE that supports additional functions not supported by the MINICUBE2 such as memory trace, more hardware and software breakpoints and real-time RAM monitor function.
There are also several evaluation, demonstration and target boards for the different 78K0 series as well as the PG-FP5 flash memory programmer which is a stand-alone flash memory programmer that can store up to eight 2 MB program codes. MINICUBE2 can also be used as an in-system programmer through the microcontroller’s serial UART interface.
Same software and hardware development tools support Renesas 78K0R and V850 Families. Since 78K0R is upward compatible to 78K0 and by having the same hardware and software development tools make it even easier to switch designs from 78K0 to 78K0R, if higher 16-bit performance, larger flash memory and additional peripherals of 78K0R are required.
Eval/ Demo Board
(different eval/ demo board for
different MCU device family)
Target Board
(different target board for
different MCU device family)
Evaluation/
Demonstration/ Target
Boards
PG-FP5
MINICUBE2
Flash
Programmer
Short Time
to Market 8
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

22. Ultra-Low Power 78K0/Kx2-L Line-Up
8 KB
4 KB
16 KB
32 KB
20SSOP
30SSOP
44/48LQFP
16SSOP
UPD78F0550
UPD78F0551
UPD78F0555*
78K0/KA2-L
UPD78F0556*
UPD78F0552
UPD78F0557*
78K0/KY2-L
UPD78F0560
UPD78F0561
UPD78F0565*
UPD78F0566*
UPD78F0562
UPD78F0567*
78K0/KB2-L
UPD78F0571
UPD78F0572
UPD78F0576*
UPD78F0577*
UPD78F0573
UPD78F0578*
78K0/KC2-L
UPD78F0581
UPD78F0582
UPD78F0586*
UPD78F0587*
UPD78F0583
UPD78F0588*
*with op-amp included
78K0/Kx2-L Line-Up
General Purpose: 78K0/Kx2-L
78K0/KB2-L
30-pin
78K0/KC2-L
44-/48-pin
78K0/KA2-L
20-pin
78K0/KY2-L
16-pin
Now that we’ve discussed the many low-power benefits and technical features available in Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family and its outstanding support infrastructure, we will spend a few minutes introducing the product variants in the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family.
We’ve already shown the features and peripherals available in the two Ultra-Low Power family series (78K0/Kx2-L and 78K0/Lx3).
Here is a closer look at the line-up of devices in the 78K0/Kx2-L series based on variations in flash memory and pin-counts with their associated part numbers. Please notice that the 78K0/Kx2-L series line-up ranges from 4 KB to 32 KB flash memory and 16-pin to 48-pin packages.
Now, let’s take a closer look at the line-up of devices in the 78K0/Lx3 series.
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

23. Ultra-Low Power 78K0/Lx3 Line-Up
Segment LCD:
78K0/Lx3
78K0/LE3
64-pin
78K0/LF3
80-pin
78K0/LD3
52-pin
78K0/LC3
48-pin
Here we see the line-up of devices in the 78K0/Lx3 series based on variations in flash memory and pin-counts, again with their associated part numbers. The 78K0/Lx3 series line-up offers flash memory ranging from 8 KB up to 60 KB, and pin packages ranging from 48-pins to 80-pins. There is also LCD controller that can drive displays from 88-segments to 288-segments.
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

24. Ultra-Low Power 78K0’s Possibilities
Battery-Powered
CO2 Sensor
Ear Thermometer
Blood Glucose Meter
Smoke Detector
Irrigation Control
Finally, here are some example applications well suited for the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 family of microcontrollers.
These example applications include:
Building automation sensors like smoke detectors and CO2 sensors;
Building automation control panels, such as thermostats and irrigation control systems.;
Personal healthcare equipment, such as blood glucose meters, blood pressure monitors and ear thermometers
Many of these examples have already been deployed successfully although the Ultra-Low Power 78K0 is not limited to the applications shown here.
If you have applications you are working on and believe Ultra-Low Power 78K0 could provide a solution to your design, please feel free to contact Renesas representatives.
LED Flashlight (Ambient Sensor)
Blood Pressure Monitor
Thermostat
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

25. Renesas Resources Online Training Online Design Community
This concludes this online course for Ultra-Low Power 78K0 8-bit Microcontroller Family.
For online training courses of other Renesas microcontrollers, please visit Renesas Interactive website (
There are several other online resources available from Renesas to make it easy for you to learn more about 78K0 and other Renesas microcontrollers. Users can register at MyRenesas to receive tool downloads, alerts, and more. Users can also visit the online design community at RenesasRulz.
Tool downloads, alerts, and more
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.

26. © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Thank You
Thank You
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.