1. Multiple Lane Roadway Exit Topic 2 Lesson 4 T – 6.21 An expressway exit has two components: 1. The Deceleration Lane — 1. The Deceleration Lane — gives the driver the time and space needed to adjust his/her vehicle’s speed to the slower posted ramp speed without disrupting the flow of traffic on the expressway. 2. The Exit Ramp — 2. The Exit Ramp — allows traffic to enter an adjoining roadway. Exit Ramp Deceleration Lane

2. Identify the Exit Early T – 6.21a Topic 2 Lesson 4 Exits are marked with guide signs, usually one to two miles before the exit. You can determine if an exit is a right exit or a left exit by the position of the exit number on the sign. So, Exit 45A is a right exit, because in this picture the exit number on the upper right-hand side of the sign. In Virginia, exit numbers correspond with mile marker numbers. About one-half mile (20- to 30- seconds) before the exit, signal and move to the lane closest to the deceleration lane.

3. Exiting the Expressway Deceleration Lane Signal Maintain speed while on the expressway Use mirrors to check behind and to the sides Check mirror blindzones Move into deceleration lane Prepare to decelerate quickly T – 6.22 Topic 2 Lesson 4 Deceleration Lane Exit Ramp

4. Deceleration Lane T – 6.23 Topic 2 Lesson 4 Enter Deceleration Lane by easing over several of the broken lines Release Accelerator and Cancel Signal Check Rear and Begin Braking

5. Adjusting Exit Speed Deceleration Lane Exit Ramp  Brake to Warning Sign Speed — Check Behind  Scan New Path of Travel to the Front  Search for Traffic Control Signs or Signals T – 6.24 Topic 2 Lesson 4

6. Weave Lane T – 6.25 Topic 2 Lesson 4 Traffic entering and exiting the expressway uses the same lane. Traffic entering and exiting the expressway uses the same lane. To avoid a conflict, the driver in the car entering from the entrance ramp must yield the right-of-way to the driver in the who is leaving the expressway. To avoid a conflict, the driver in the BLUE car entering from the entrance ramp must yield the right-of-way to the driver in the RED car who is leaving the expressway.

7. Potential Exiting Problems  “Weave” lane conflicts  Short deceleration lane  Sharp curve on ramp  Traffic stopped on the exit ramp There may be a STOP sign or a traffic light at the end of the exit ramp. The driver must adjust from a fast speed to a STOP in a short distance. T – 6.26 Topic 2 Lesson 4

8. On the Expressway… Drive over or across the median or yellow painted line. Drive over or across the median or yellow painted line. Make a left turn or a U-turn on crossovers (designed for emergency vehicles only). Make a left turn or a U-turn on crossovers (designed for emergency vehicles only). Use the left lane except for passing. Use the left lane except for passing. Change lanes without signaling and checking for an adequate gap in traffic. Change lanes without signaling and checking for an adequate gap in traffic. T – 6.27 Topic 3 Lesson 1 Do Not:

9. On the Expressway… Drive onto an expressway except from an on-ramp. Drive onto an expressway except from an on-ramp. Park or Stop on an expressway shoulder unless you have an emergency or mechanical difficulties. Park or Stop on an expressway shoulder unless you have an emergency or mechanical difficulties. Backup. Backup. Walk or ride a bike. Walk or ride a bike. T – 6.28 Topic 3 Lesson 1 Do Not:

10. Multiple Lane Roadway Dangers At higher speeds greater braking distances are needed to stop and… At higher speeds greater braking distances are needed to stop and… T – 6.29 Topic 3 Lesson 1 Traffic may enter and/or exit on your left Velocitation may effect your ability to judge speed Highway hypnosis may occur Field of vision is narrowed Field of vision is narrowed Brake 20 mph 40 mph 60 mph 20 ft. 80 ft. 180 ft. 65 mph

11. Multiple Lane Roadway Dangers Vehicles moving onto the shoulder or re-entering the roadway T – 6.30 Topic 3 Lesson 1 Tires losing traction and hydroplaning during wet weather conditions Slow moving vehicles ahead or “Pack Driving” Two vehicles changing lanes at the same time into same lane Windy and/or wet sections of the roadway

12. Highway Hypnosis Plan breaks and rest stops to combat highway hypnosis or go to a safe area for rest or sleep when tired. Is a dulled or drowsy condition that can occur when driving long distances T – 6.31 Topic 3 Lesson 1 Situation becomes worse when the driver’s eyes focus on the center line.

13. Ramp Metering Used to control large volumes of traffic entering expressways Used to control large volumes of traffic entering expressways Uses a system of lights and sensors Uses a system of lights and sensors Allows only a few cars at a time to enter congested limited access highways Allows only a few cars at a time to enter congested limited access highways T – 6.32 Topic 3 Lesson 1

14. Short Trips on Expressways Know the name, route, and number of the entrance and exit to be used Check vehicle for maintenance problems Take a local map Plan a time to travel to avoid congestion around major cities T – 6.33 Topic 3 Lesson 1

15. Long Trips on Expressways Do vehicle maintenance checks Do vehicle maintenance checks Balance vehicle load Balance vehicle load Plan stops for: Plan stops for: – Food – Rest – Fuel Know the route numbers you need to take Know the route numbers you need to take Take a map of the planned route Take a map of the planned route Check with police or VDOT for construction delays Check with police or VDOT for construction delays Carry money or credit cards Carry money or credit cards T – 6.34 Topic 3 Lesson 1

16. Reducing Risk Entering the Roadway Reducing Risk Entering the Roadway Search for proper entrance Search for proper entrance Search for potential conflicts Search for potential conflicts Prepare to adjust speed Prepare to adjust speed Avoid stopping on the ramp Avoid stopping on the ramp Be prepared to drive onto the shoulder Be prepared to drive onto the shoulder Merge smoothly Merge smoothly Create space around your vehicle Create space around your vehicle T – 6.35 Topic 3 Lesson 2

17. Increase Following Distance  When following large trucks or buses  When following motorcycles  When driving in bad weather  When being tailgated  When driving with a heavy load or pulling a trailer  When entering/exiting the expressway T – 6.36 Topic 3 Lesson 2 INCREASE

18. Special Roadway Conditions Disabled vehicles T – 6.37 Topic 3 Lesson 2 Expressways through cities Don’t be a “rubber necker” Give the disabled vehicle plenty of room Pull as far off the roadway as possible if your vehicle becomes disabled Avoid driving in the right lane when vehicles are merging Search for signs, signals, and roadway markings Search for exits early and adjust position in adequate time to exit safely Don’t make last minute lane changes to gain access to an exit Monitor the zones around your vehicle and adjust position to create space cushions

19. Special Roadway Conditions T – 6.37a Topic 3 Lesson 2 Construction areas Toll booths Exact change booths — The driver deposits coins (exact change) into a machine. Attendant operated booths — For large vehicles or drivers without exact change. Electronically operated booths — For drivers with prepaid accounts (Smart Tag). When exiting a toll-booth plaza, search traffic to both sides for open space, accelerate smoothly, and adjust speed to blend with the flow of traffic. Use caution when approaching: Search ahead for warning signs. Reduce your speed. Adjust position to maintain a space around your vehicle.

20. Driver Performance: Personal Factors Topic 1 -- Introduction to Alcohol – Saying No Topic 2 -- Nature of Alcohol-Related Crash Problems Topic 3 -- Physiological and Psychological Effects of Alcohol Topic 4 -- Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on the Driving Task Topic 5 -- Dealing with Driver Fatigue Topic 6 -- Preventing Road Rage Module Seven Transparencies Virginia Department of Education Provided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles

21. Why do you think Virginia has a Zero Tolerance Law for drivers under age 21? Why do some people choose not to use alcohol or other drugs? Using or Not Using? T – 7.1 Topic 1 Lesson 1

22. Your Choices and Responsibilities Your Choices and Responsibilities T – 7.1a Topic 1 Lesson 1 Having a driver ’ s license involves more than just knowing how to drive. It involves demonstrating responsible adult behaviors. NO Thanks I ’ m Driving Responsibility: starts with the decisions you make;starts with the decisions you make; your ability to carefully consider the potential consequences of your choices; andyour ability to carefully consider the potential consequences of your choices; and acceptance of the financial responsibility for the harm you cause yourself or others.acceptance of the financial responsibility for the harm you cause yourself or others. Virginia ’ s Zero Tolerance Law protect citizens from underage drinking and driving.

23. Your Choices and Responsibilities Your Choices and Responsibilities T – 7.2 Topic 1 Lesson 1 Alcohol Use – Decisions & Consequences Short-term rewards Short-term consequences Long-term rewardsLong-term consequences

24. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 T – 7.2a PROCESS OFFENDER ’ S TIME & COSTS TIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS Traffic Stop, Field Test3 – 5 HoursIf juvenile, parents notified Arrest, Breath Test Booking Magistrate Reviews1 – 2 HoursAfter booking: Immediate 7 day Incident Reportsuspension of Driver ’ s License (Setting Bond, Booking) Posting BailWill be held till$500 Unsecured sober to Minimum 4 hours$2500 Secured Car Towed1 – 2 Hours$100 Towing Fee (unless there is another sober driver in vehicle) Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

25. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 T – 7.2b PROCESSTIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS OFFENDER ’ S TIME & COSTS Return to General1 – 2 HoursTime lost from work or school District Court after 7 days to retrieve Driver ’ s License Hiring an Attorney1 – 3 Hours$112 – Court Appointed meeting with to counsel/retaining$1500 - $4000 – Private Counsel counsel Appearing in Court1 – 3 Hours per2 days work/school missed Court appearance (Minimum 2 appearances) Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

26. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 T – 7.2c PROCESSTIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS OFFENDER ’ S TIME & COSTS Paying Court Costs License can/will beCourt Cost = $164 suspendedFine = $250 - $1000depending on Felony Conviction offense classLoss of Voting Rights & Right to Bear Arms Jail Time0 –12 Months0 - $500 Fine (depends on BAC.20 BAC has a mandatory and number of5-day jail & $250 fine previous con-.25 BAC has a mandatory victions: can be10-day jail & $250 fine mandatory)2 nd offense within 5 years has a mandatory 5-day jail and $500 fine PLUS: If a juvenile is in car = $500 fine and 5-day jail Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

27. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 PROCESS TIME & COSTS TIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS T – 7.2d Trip to DMV for1 – 2 Hours $120 Fee for required restricted Restricted Driver ’ s license License for 12 months Driver ’ s License marked with (1 st offense) a BIG Red letter R for restricted Attend Alcohol SafetyMinimum 20 hours $350 plus $25 per sighted drug Action Program ten week alcohol screen as required plus any (ASAP)education course other treatment costs Notify Insurance Co.Must apply for $1000 - $2,000 increase in car SR22 on Driver ’ s insurance per year License (3-5 years) Obtain Non-restricted1 – 2 Hours at DMV $10 fee Total Cost: $5,000 - $20,000 The costs in time, money and lives for drinking and driving is HUGE! Remember drinking & driving is illegal at any age. Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

28. Evaluating Impairment Involves Making personal decisions about alcohol and the driving taskMaking personal decisions about alcohol and the driving task Analyzing the alcohol-related safety problemAnalyzing the alcohol-related safety problem Understanding the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol on the driving taskUnderstanding the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol on the driving task Studying the effects of other drugs on the driving taskStudying the effects of other drugs on the driving task Understanding driver fatigue and the dangers of road rageUnderstanding driver fatigue and the dangers of road rage T – 7.3 Topic 1 Lesson 1

29. Impact of Alcohol Crashes on Virginians T – 7.3a Topic 2 Lesson 1 Alcohol Related FactsVirginia 2002 Alcohol-related Fatalities Total Drivers Passengers Pedestrians 375 237 100 38 Total Drivers Passengers Pedestrians 8,465 5,668 2,498 299 Alcohol-related Fatalities Total Drivers Passengers Pedestrians 64 32 29 3 Alcohol-related Injuries Total Drivers Passengers Pedestrians 1,470 791 644 35 ALL Persons Killed Young People 15-20 Injured 15-20 Injured Young People 15-20 Killed 15-20 Killed Virginia Statistics provided by DMV ’ s 2002 Crash Report All Persons Injured Alcohol-related Injuries

30. ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC INCIDENTS* Traffic Death Comparisons T – 7.4 Topic 2 Lesson 2 DRUG RELATED TRAFFIC INCIDENTS VA = _?__ U.S. = _?__ VA = ____ U.S. = ____ * Crash statistics available at www.dmvnow.com and www.nhtsa.dot.govwww.dmvnow.com

31. Under legal drinking age drivers in crashes 3082 Percentage of all alcohol related crashes 10.04% Under legal drinking age licensed drivers 939,862 Percentage of all licensed drivers 7.4% Is this group over or under involved? over involved Involved in 10.04% of crashes but represent only 7.4% of all drivers Underage Alcohol-Related Crashes in Virginia Underage Alcohol-Related Crashes in Virginia 1995 2002 1995 2002 T – 7.5 Topic 2 Lesson 2