1. What is botany?  The scientific study of plants

2. What is a plant?  What distinguishes a plant from other forms of life?

5. Why is knowledge of plants important?  We are dependent on plants

6. Plants are producers

7. Genesis 1: 29-30 Then God said, “I give you every seed- bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. And to all the beast of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food.” And it was so.

8. Plants as a food source

9. Photosynthesis and sugars

10. Cacao - chocolate

11. Plants & the carbon cycle

12. Photosynthesis and oxygen

13. Plants & the nitrogen cycle

14. Legumes & rhizobium

15. Beverages

16.  Coffee - $65B retail US sales (2001) –25 million coffee producing family farms –Provides for non-intoxicating social interaction

17. Wines

19. Cork

20. Spices  $2 billion retail sales (U.S., 1994)  U.S. – largest producer & consumer of spices

21. Plants & health  Natural compounds –LycopeneLycopene –YohimbineYohimbine –Medicines  taxol

22. Saponins  Ginseng –Stomach disorders –Nervous disorders

23. Alkaloids  Ephedrine Ephedra – Mormon tea plant

24. Alkaloids  Quinine (feverbark tree) –Anti-malarial  2-3 million deaths per year

25. Phenolics  Salicin –Aspirin precursor

26. Essential oils  Menthol (Eucalyptus)

27. New antibiotics  Oregon grape –Berberine & 5-methoxyhydnocarpin

28. Recreational Drugs

29. Wood products

30. U.S. wood consumption  Per capita consumption (1999) – 250 boardfeet  Lumber – 51 billion board feet (1999)  Industrial roundwood – 17 billion cubic feet (1999)  Wood imports – 19.9 billion boardfeet (1999) Canada (93% of imports)

31. Paper  10.3 million tons wood pulp (US, 2003)

32. Textiles

33. Plants & transportation

34. Plants as fuel Europe – 21 million tons air-dried peat (1999)

35. Worldwide peat distribution

36. Horticultural peat  US, Canada, South Africa top producers >100,000 HA >800 companies

37. Coal  U.S. production (2004): 1.07 billion tons  U.S. consumption (2004): 1.09 billion tons Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/qcr_sum.html World coal stats

38. Plants & emotions  Floriculture - $77 billion worldwide retail value (2000)  U.S. – largest floral producer

39. Landscaping

40. Musical instruments

41. Plants and sports

42. Personal care products

43. Plant-related inventions

44. Velcro – George de Mestral 1907-1990

46. Conservation biology & plant resources  How do we better maintain worldwide natural resources, in the face of increasing global demand and exponential human population growth?

47. Plants, food and population growth

48. World population growth link

49. In the next 50 years, can we double our food supply?  Increase land used for agriculture?  Increase crop productivity?  Convert to vegetarian diet?

50. Worldwide land resources

51. Distribution of arable land

58. Soil salinization

59. Areas of salinization

60. Yield increases are declining

61. What causes reduced crop productivity?

62. Human activities

63. Air pollution affects photosynthesis

64. Human impact on pollination link

65. Disease  Reduce crop yields 10-20% despite control efforts

66. Wheat rust reduces grain yield

67. Insects

68. Insect pests reduce crop productivity  Reduce crop yields 15% despite control efforts

69. Mite damage - eggplant

70. Mite damage in a bean field

71. Weeds  Reduce crop yields 12% despite control efforts

72. Foxtail in corn

74. Drought

78. Drought increases stress  Black shank disease in tobacco

79. Drought and irrigation

80. Temperature stress  Temperature tolerance  Enzymatic activity  Quality How does temperature influence crop productivity?

81. Plant biology is essential  Crop research needed –Resistance to insects, disease –Tolerance to environmental variables  Drought, salt tolerance Droughtsalt tolerance –Improved productivity –Improved nutritional qualitiesImproved nutritional qualities

82. Plant biology is essential  Crop research needed –Resistance to insects, disease –Tolerance to environmental variables  Drought, salt tolerance Droughtsalt tolerance –Improved productivity –Improved nutritional qualitiesImproved nutritional qualities

83. Modern Plant Study  Agronomy  Bryology  Economic Botany  Ethnobotany  Forestry  Horticulture  Paleobotany  Palynology  Phycology  Plant anatomy  Plant breeding  Plant ecology  Plant genetics  Plant geography  Plant molecular biology  Plant morphology  Plant pathology  Plant physiology  Plant systematics  Plant taxonomy