1. Developing Safety Plans Adam Larsen Safety Engineer Federal Highway Administration Tribal Transportation Program 360-619-7751 Adam.Larsen@DOT.GOV

2. Adam Larsen TTP Safety Engineer & Tribal Coordinator Federal Highway Administration 360-619-7751, Adam.Larsen@DOT.GOV

3. From 1975 to 2002 fatal crashes in the US declined 2.2% From 1975 to 2002, Native American and Alaska Native fatal crashes increased 53% Safety History

4. In several states, Native Americans are two times over represented in motor vehicle fatality rates

5. Safety History According to the NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS): Five year total of 2,752 fatalities reported.

6. Safety History Motor Vehicle Crashes are the leading cause of death for Native Americans and Alaska Natives ages 1 to 44.

7. What can be done?  Strategic Transportation Safety Plans

8. Transportation Safety Plans/Programs What can be done?

9. Emphasis Area: Stranded Snow Machine Riders Why strategic? Three individual events have resulted in death from 2009-2013 after a rider became lost or stranded. Strategies / Countermeasures: -Checkout station for locator devices -Emergency shelter -Trail marking

10. Strategic Transportation Safety Planning Results State SHSP Required

11. How does it all fit together? Tribal Safety Stakeholders Tribal Safety Plan Tribal Safety Program +=

12. Obtain FundingDirect Safety Program Safety Plan Purpose

13. WHY? Obtain Funding WHAT? Direct Safety Program Safety Plan Purpose

14. TTPSF Minimum Requirements  Data-Driven using best available data  Coordination with Stakeholders  Assessment of Safety Issues  Prioritized list of Strategies  Multi-disciplinary Strategies  Coordinated with State SHSP What is in a Transportation Safety Plan?

15.  Plan Template  State Contacts  Draft RFP  Webinar  Other Resources Strategic Transportation Safety Plan Toolkit Safety Contacts

16. Why? What is the primary safety issue on your roads?

17. Strategic Transportation Safety Plan Toolkit RFP Template

18. Strategic Process 1.Establish Leadership 2.Analyze Safety Data 3.Determine Emphasis Areas 4.Identify Strategies 5.Prioritize and Incorporate 6.Evaluate and Update

19. Vision Safety Partners Process Existing Safety Efforts Data Review Emphasis Areas Implementation Evaluation What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan?

21.  Road User – Do I feel safe?  Engineer – meets design standards or crash frequency below threshold  Federal Legislation – Crash Experience, No fatal or injury incidents Define Safety

22. Vision May ask leadership to: -Approve/develop vision statement -Share vision with stakeholders Strategic Transportation Safety Plan No fatal or serious injury on our transportation facilities Toward Zero Deaths on our roads

23. Safety Partners  Represent/Communicate with Decision Makers  Provide or Analyze Data  Existing Efforts  Recommend Emphasis Areas  Research Strategies  Implementation Strategic Transportation Safety Plan

24. Data Review  Best available data  Identify & quantify the problems  Contributing factors  May identify locations What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan?

25. New TRB Report NCHRP 788 Guide for Effective Tribal Crash Reporting  Self Assessment  Suggestions on next steps

26. Data Collection “Best Available” Data Source INCIDENT DATA  BIA / Tribal Police Data  State/County Crash Database  EMS / Search & Rescue Logs  Community Survey / Public Meeting

27. Data Collection “Best Available” Data Source OTHER SAFETY DATA  IHS Injury Prevention Specialist  Seatbelt Surveys  Community Survey / Public Meeting  Citation records  Inferred Statistics from nearby government (County, City)  Other Strategic Safety Plans (MPO, County)  State Strategic Highway Safety Plan

28. Data Review What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan?

29. Emphasis Areas Vision and Data should lead to the issues to be addressed

30. What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan? Emphasis Areas Problems, Issues to be addressed

31. What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan? Emphasis Areas Clearly define why the selection of an emphasis area is strategic

32. Emphasis Area: Roadway Departure in Curves  Roadway Departure

33. Emphasis Area: Roadway Departure in Curves Why strategic? 57% of fatal crashes involved a single vehicle leaving the roadway.

34. EMPHASIS AREASTRATEGIC LINKAGE Roadway Departure 57% of fatal crashes involved a single vehicle leaving the roadway. Roadway departure was a factor in 52 crashes in five years of data. Pedestrian and Bicycles Pedestrian and Bicycle crashes represent 17% of the fatal and serious injury crashes in rural areas of the reservation compared to 9% in all rural areas of the state. Six pedestrians and bicycles have been killed or seriously injured in the last 5 years. Speed Management Speed is listed as a contributing factor in 52% of fatal and serious injury crashes. Tribal police issued 1374 citations for speeding in 2013. Emphasis Areas

35. EMPHASIS AREASTRATEGIC LINKAGE Data Improvement All of the 432 crash reports that this plan is based on were manually processed during the development of this plan. Future safety planning efforts would benefit from an improved database. Safe Routes to School Although there is no crash history associated with school children walking to school this is an area of risk that is a high priority to the tribal council. Maybe cite supporting statewide or national statistics

36. EMPHASIS AREASTRATEGIC LINKAGE Roadway Departure 57% of fatal and serious injury crashes involved a single vehicle leaving the roadway. Roadway departure was a factor in 52 fatal crashes in five years of data. Further Data Analysis Where? 70% of these crashes occurred on two lane rural roads. What else? 30% of drivers were impaired in road departure crashes Who? 60% of the road departure crash drivers are under age 21

37. Emphasis Area: Roadway Departure in Curves Why strategic? 57% of fatal crashes involved a single vehicle leaving the roadway. Although curves are only 15% of road miles, they contribute to 46% of all fatal roadway departure crashes.

38. Hot Spot Location Improvement Hot Spot Location Reactive Based on Analysis of Crash Location History Focus Treatment on Identified Locations Uses Safety Countermeasures for Identified Crash Types 2 Pedestrian Fatal Crashes in 5 years on this route

39. Not Focused on Specific High Crash Locations Target Crash Types Uses Proven Low Cost Countermeasures Systematic Approach

40. Avoid misinterpretation of data Find similar conditions Can be more difficult to acquire funding Can be used to infer crash experience Systematic Approach

41. What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan? Strategies How can each discipline contribute to the identified problem (emphasis area)? Not Here Start Here Problems first then strategies

42. Process Not Here Problems first then strategies Start Here

43. EMPHASIS AREASTRATEGIC LINKAGE Roadway Departure 57% of fatal crashes involved a single vehicle leaving the roadway. Roadway departure was a factor in 52 crashes in five years of data. 70% of these crashes occurred on two lane rural roads. EducationEnforcementEMSEngineering Research & Plagiarize Strategy Selection

44. Strategy Selection Resources  Manual for Selecting Safety Improvements on High Risk Rural Roads  http://CMFClearingHouse.org/  NCHRP 500 Series  Highway Safety Manual  http://Safety.FHWA.DOT.GOV  AASHTO Roadside Design Guide  State Strategic Highway Safety Plans  IRR Safety Management System Implementation Plan  Strategic Highway Safety Plan for Indian Country

45. Manual for Selecting Safety Improvements on High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR Manual)  Assists State, local, and Tribal agencies in finding and comparing cost- effective treatments on high risk rural roads  Developed by conducting a survey and study of State, local, and Tribal agencies’ current practices 45 http:// safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/hrrr/manual

46. HRRR Manual – Features 46  Organized in color-coded categories by roadway feature  Describes where treatments may be most effectively used  Allows a user to quickly narrow potential treatments

47. Strategy Brainstorm

48. Proven Countermeasures Safety.FHWA.DOT.GOV

50. EMPHASIS AREASTRATEGIC LINKAGE Roadway Departure 57% of fatal crashes involved a single vehicle leaving the roadway. Roadway departure was a factor in 52 crashes in five years of data. 70% of these crashes occurred on two lane rural roads. EducationEnforcementEMSEngineering Ensure driver training covers “over-correcting” See emphasis areas for alcohol and seatbelt use, these behavioral factors influence roadway departure. Acquire repelling gear and training for faster rescue for roadway departure crashes in canyon. Install rumble strips on higher volume, two-lane rural roads Improved curve signage Policy to include safety edge when paving

51. EMPHASIS AREASTRATEGIC LINKAGE Speed Management Speed is listed as a contributing factor in 52% of fatal and serious injury crashes. Tribal police issued 1374 citations for speeding in 2013. EducationEnforcementEMSEngineering Use wolf packs to increase perceived level of enforcement Update tribal motor vehicle code Evaluate locations where traffic calming features may be helpful Provide speed feedback trailer for problem areas.

52. Process What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan?

53. Existing Safety Efforts  Safe Routes to School  Local Data Collection Efforts  Safety Media Campaigns  Local Enforcement Campaigns  Infrastructure Safety Improvements  Helmet Campaign What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan?

54. Implementation Evaluation What is in a Strategic Transportation Safety Plan?

55. Vision Safety Partners Process Existing Safety Efforts Data Review Emphasis Areas Implementation Evaluation Strategic Transportation Safety Plan Toolkit Safety Plan Template

56.  FHWA Tribal Planning Team to publish “Safety Planning Module”  Expected Jan-Feb 2014  http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/processes/tribal/planning_modules/ http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/processes/tribal/planning_modules/ Coming Soon…

57.  Tribal Transportation Program Safety Fund Funding for Tribal Safety Efforts  DOJ Community Oriented Policing Grants  CDC Injury Prevention Program  BIA Indian Highway Safety Program  State Administered Federal Programs (HSIP, HRRR, SR2S, etc.)  Check State SHSP

58.  FY14 TTPSF Award Announcement  Expected Dec 2014  FY15 TTPSF Call for Projects  Expected Jan 2015 Coming Soon…

59. Pedestrians Car/Truck Snowmobile ATV Maritime Air  Flexible to the needs of the individual tribe TTPSF All Transportation Modes Eligible

60. TTP Safety Fund ~$8.5M each year MAY APPLY FOR MULTIPLE CATEGORIES

61. Total funding available  $8.6 Million Total amount requested  $27.2 Million Number of applications  239 FY 2013 TTPSF Applications

62. Total funding available  $8.54 Million Total amount requested  $27.1 Million Number of applications  126  94 recommended FY 2014 TTPSF Applications

63.  Data Driven  Included in Safety Plan  Comprehensive Approach  Matching funds (not required)  Road Ownership (Engineering only)  RSA or Engineering Safety Study (not required, Engineering Only) TTPSF Application Ranking Criterion

64. Questions? Adam Larsen TTP Safety Engineer (360) 619-7751 adam.larsen@dot.gov OR TTPSF@DOT.GOVTTPSF@DOT.GOV http://flh.fhwa.dot.gov/ programs/ttp/safety/