1. Engineering Drawing and Design Chapter 15 Pictorial Drawings
Seventh Edition
Chapter 15
Pictorial Drawings

2. 15-1 Pictorial drawings-axonometric, oblique & perspective
Used to explain complicated engineering drawings to the untrained**
Help with design work in space
Train new employees in the shop
Speed up & clarify assembly of a machine
Transmit ideas
Aid in developing the power of visualization

3. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

4. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
OBLIQUE PROJECTION

5. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

6. Axonometric Projection
The lines of sight are perpendicular to the plane of projection, but the 3 faces of a rectangular object are all inclined to the plane of projection*
3 forms of Axonometric Projection*
Isometric: 3 principal faces and axes are equally inclined to the plane of projection
Diametric: 2 of the 3 are equally inclined
Trimetric: all 3 faces and axes of the object make different angles with the plane of projection

7. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

8. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

9. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

10. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

11. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
USE OF THIS SET ENABLES YOU TO SHOW THE
OBJECT FROM THESE 48 VIEWPOINTS.
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

12. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS
USE OF THIS SET ENABLES YOU TO SHOW THE
OBJECT FROM THESE 144 VIEWPOINTS.
TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC DRAWINGS

13. Isometric drawings
Revolving the object at an angle of 45⁰ to the horizontal so that the front corner is toward the viewer and then tipping the object up or down at 35⁰ 16’
3 visible faces appear equal in shape & side faces are at 30⁰ to horizontal*
Isometric grid paper & ellipse templates aid sketching
Vertical axis (height)
Left & right axes 30⁰ from horizontal (length & width)
All lines drawn true length*
Hidden lines omitted
Nonisometric lines are sloping surfaces and are created by locating their endpoints

14. 15-2&3: Isometrics continued
Circles on any of the 3 faces appear as an ellipse
Isometric ellipse templates
Fillets & rounds
Threads
Break lines
Isometric assembly drawings
Isometric sections are taken on a plane parallel to the face of one of the cubes
Section lines are shown at 60⁰ with horizontal or in a horizontal position depending on where the cutting plane line is located

15. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC AXES AND PROJECTION

16. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC AXES AND PROJECTION

17. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
DEVELOPING AN ISOMETRIC DRAWING

18. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
SEQUENCE IN DRAWING AN OBJECT HAVING NONISOMETRIC LINES

19. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ORIENTING THE DIMENSION LINE, ARROWHEAD, AND EXTENSION LINE

20. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
DIMENSIONING AN ISOMETRIC DRAWING

21. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC GRID PAPER

22. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
CURVED SURFACES IN ISOMETRIC

23. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
SEQUENCE IN DRAWING ISOMETRIC CIRCLES

24. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
DRAWING CONCENTRIC ISOMETRIC CIRCLES

25. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
DRAWING ISOMETRIC ARCS AND CIRCLES

26. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC SECTIONING

27. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC SECTIONING

28. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
CONVENTIONAL BREAKS IN ISOMETRIC

29. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
FILLETS AND ROUNDS IN ISOMETRIC

30. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
THREADS IN ISOMETRIC

31. 15-4 Oblique projection
This method is based on the procedure of placing the object with 1 face parallel to the frontal plane and placing the other 2 faces on oblique (receding) planes to left or right, top or bottom, at a convenient angle
3 axes of projection: horizontal, vertical, receding
One face of the object is shown without distortion

32. Oblique projection: Cavalier and Cabinet Methods
In cavalier all lines are made to their true length measured on the axes of projection
Oblique sketching paper
In cabinet, the lines on the receding axis are shortened by ½ their true length to approximate more closely what the human eye would see
Cabinet is the more commonly used form especially for circles & arcs

33. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
TYPES OF OBLIQUE PROJECTION

34. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
OBLIQUE SKETCHES

35. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
OBLIQUE PROJECTION

36. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
DIMENSIONING AN OBLIQUE DRAWING

37. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
OBLIQUE SECTIONS

38. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS OBLIQUE ROUNDS AND FILLETS OBLIQUE THREADS
OBLIQUE BREAKS

39. 15-6 Parallel or 1-point perspective
Perspective is a method of drawing that depicts a 3-D object on a flat plane as it appears to the eye
More realistic than axonometric or oblique
Main elements of a perspective drawing
Picture plane (plane of projection)
Station point (position of observer’s eye)
Horizon (imaginary horizontal line taken at eye level)
Ground line (base line off the picture plane & object)

40. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

41. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS
RECORDING THE PICTURE ON THE PICTURE PLANE
PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS

42. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS

43. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE

44. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS ANGULAR, OR TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
PROJECT POINTS A AND B DOWN FROM PICTURE PLANE TO LOCATE POSITIONS OF LEFT AND RIGHT VANISHING POINTS
ANGULAR, OR TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE

45. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
ANGULAR PERSPECTIVE GRID

46. CAD APPLICATIONS
3D VIEWS MENU

47. CAD APPLICATIONS
3D SURFACES IN AUTOCAD

48. CAD APPLICATIONS
3D SURFACES PULL-DOWN MENU

49. CAD APPLICATIONS – SOLID MODELS
WIRE FRAME

50. CAD APPLICATIONS – SOLID MODELS
NURBS

51. CAD APPLICATIONS – SOLID MODELS
NURBS