1. Civil and Environmental Engineering Applications

2. Geospatial Database: a set of compatible data layers or themes

3. Relational Linkages Spatial Attributes Descriptive Attributes Water Right Locations

4. Digital Elevation Model

5. Watershed Delineation

6. Raster-Vector Data Model Raster Vector Real World

7. Map-Based Hydrology and Hydraulics ArcView Input Data DEM HEC-HMS Flood discharge HEC-RAS Water surface profiles ArcView Flood plain maps CRWR-PrePro

8. Engineering Design Evaluate impact of building a dam –Determine elevation of spillway –Determine aerial extent of reservoir –Delineate contributing watershed –Generate 3D view of reservoir Givens –Approximate location of dam –Normal capacity of 50 Mm 3 (40,500 acre-ft) –Flood capacity of 100 Mm 3 (81,000 acre-ft)

9. Data Requirements Elevation Data 1:24,000 DEM (Digital Elevation Model) 1:100,000 paper topographic map DRG 1:24,000 DRG (Digital Raster Graphic)

10. Digital Elevation Model Raster or grid data Scale 1:24,000 (30m)

11. Digital Raster Graphics Raster data Scanned topographic map Scale 1:24,000 (30m)

12. Separate Up/Downgradient Location of Dam Draw polygon to remove area downgradient of dam Limits volume calculation to reservoir area

13. Vector Data Used to represent discrete objects Point data - monuments, cities Line data - roads, rivers Vector data - boundaries, soil type Composed of distinct nodes & vertices

14. Generate TIN TIN - Triangular Irregular Network Stores elevations, or other continuous data, by creating triangles in 3D space More efficient data storage Estimate volume for cut and fill operations

15. Separate Up/Downgradient Creates two TINs Upgradient TIN can be used to determine dam elevation

16. Determine Dam Elevation Surface - Area and Volume Statistics Elevation Area above or below

17. Dam Elevation ElevationVolume Area ft m 3 m 2 224 50,656,491 12,117,735 227.1 100,777.495 18,487,230 Elevations determined by trial and error

18. Generate Reservoir Image Map Algebra Allows user to alter grid data using mathematical tools

19. Generate Reservoir Image If (Elevation < 224, 1, 0) Boolean Image

20. Generate Reservoir Image If (Elevation < 227.1, 1, 0) Boolean Image

21. Normal vs Flood Stage Estimated reservoirs can be compared relative to each other…..

22. Normal vs Flood Stage … merged with a DRG...

23. Normal vs Flood Stage … or compared to the entire watershed

24. Generating 3D Image Surface Elevation2D View

25. 3D Image Vertical Exaggeration Factor = 5

26. 3D Image Vertical Exaggeration Factor = 5

27. 3D Image Vertical Exaggeration Factor = 5

28. GIS for Water Quality E. coli 394 cfu/100 mL Not-to-Exceed 126 cfu/100 mL Geometric Mean 400 cfu/100 mL Not-to-Exceed 200 cfu/100 mL Geometric Mean Fecal coliform

29. Buffalo and Whiteoak Bayous

30. Landuse in Buffalo and Whiteoak Bayous

31. WWTP Sampling Sampled WWTP

32. Storm Sewer Sampling EC (MPN/100 mL) 0-394 > 394

33. “ Computing is not about computers any more. It is about living.” Nicholas Negroponte, Founding Director of MIT’s Media Lab. Being Digital (1995), p. 6.